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Limited resources motivate decomposing large-scale problems into smaller,``local" subsystems and stitching together the so-found solutions. We explore the physics underlying this approach and discuss the concept of ``local hardness", i.e.,…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-12-24 Mutian Shen , Gerardo Ortiz , Zhiqiao Dong , Martin Weigel , Zohar Nussinov

We establish new exponential in dimension lower bounds for the Maximum Halfspace Discrepancy problem, which models linear classification. Both are fundamental problems in computational geometry and machine learning in their exact and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Alexander Munteanu , Simon Omlor , Jeff M. Phillips

Lagrangian decomposition (LD) is a relaxation method that provides a dual bound for constrained optimization problems by decomposing them into more manageable sub-problems. This bound can be used in branch-and-bound algorithms to prune the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Swann Bessa , Darius Dabert , Max Bourgeat , Louis-Martin Rousseau , Quentin Cappart

Rapid advances in data collection and processing capabilities have allowed for the use of increasingly complex models that give rise to nonconvex optimization problems. These formulations, however, can be arbitrarily difficult to solve in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Stefan Vlaski , Ali H. Sayed

Constraint propagation is one of the techniques central to the success of constraint programming. To reduce search, fast algorithms associated with each constraint prune the domains of variables. With global (or non-binary) constraints, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-03-09 Christian Bessiere , Emmanuel Hebrard , Brahim Hnich , Toby Walsh

We generalize the reduction mechanism for linear programming problems and semidefinite programming problems from [arXiv:1410.8816] in two ways 1) relaxing the requirement of affineness and 2) extending to fractional optimization problems.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Gábor Braun , Sebastian Pokutta , Aurko Roy

We initiate a study of algorithms with a focus on the computational complexity of individual elements, and introduce the fragile complexity of comparison-based algorithms as the maximal number of comparisons any individual element takes…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Peyman Afshani , Rolf Fagerberg , David Hammer , Riko Jacob , Irina Kostitsyna , Ulrich Meyer , Manuel Penschuck , Nodari Sitchinava

We analyse the convergence of the proximal gradient algorithm for convex composite problems in the presence of gradient and proximal computational inaccuracies. We derive new tighter deterministic and probabilistic bounds that we use to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-07 Anis Hamadouche , Yun Wu , Andrew M. Wallace , Joao F. C. Mota

This work studies the robustness certification problem of neural network models, which aims to find certified adversary-free regions as large as possible around data points. In contrast to the existing approaches that seek regions bounded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Chen Liu , Ryota Tomioka , Volkan Cevher

Lower bounds against strong algebraic proof systems and specifically fragments of the Ideal Proof System (IPS), have been obtained in an ongoing line of work. All of these bounds, however, are proved only over large (or characteristic $0$)…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Tal Elbaz , Nashlen Govindasamy , Jiaqi Lu , Iddo Tzameret

Proving that there are problems in $\mathsf{P}^\mathsf{NP}$ that require boolean circuits of super-linear size is a major frontier in complexity theory. While such lower bounds are known for larger complexity classes, existing results only…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Jan Bydzovsky , Jan Krajicek , Igor C. Oliveira

In the near future, there will likely be special-purpose quantum computers with 40-50 high-quality qubits. This paper lays general theoretical foundations for how to use such devices to demonstrate "quantum supremacy": that is, a clear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-28 Scott Aaronson , Lijie Chen

In unitary property testing a quantum algorithm, also known as a tester, is given query access to a black-box unitary and has to decide whether it satisfies some property. We propose a new technique for proving lower bounds on the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-23 Jordi Weggemans

This paper proves that robustness implies generalization via data-dependent generalization bounds. As a result, robustness and generalization are shown to be connected closely in a data-dependent manner. Our bounds improve previous bounds…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Kenji Kawaguchi , Zhun Deng , Kyle Luh , Jiaoyang Huang

We suggest simple implementable modifications of conditional gradient and gradient projection methods for smooth convex optimization problems in Hilbert spaces. Usually, the custom methods attain only weak convergence. We prove strong…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-05-04 Igor Konnov

Can AI based methods help us make advances in complexity theory? We provide evidence towards answering this in the affirmative, using AlphaEvolve (an LLM code mutation agent) to obtain new results in three settings: a) We improve a recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Ansh Nagda , Prabhakar Raghavan , Abhradeep Thakurta

Kernelization is a significant topic in parameterized complexity. Turing kernelization is a general form of kernelization. In the aspect of kernelization, an impressive hardness theory has been established [Bodlaender etc. (ICALP 2008,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-11-22 Weidong Luo

The Chernoff bound is one of the most widely used tools in theoretical computer science. It's rare to find a randomized algorithm that doesn't employ a Chernoff bound in its analysis. The standard proofs of Chernoff bounds are beautiful but…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-10 William Kuszmaul

We show that there are CNF formulas which can be refuted in resolution in both small space and small width, but for which any small-width proof must have space exceeding by far the linear worst-case upper bound. This significantly…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-12-22 Christoph Berkholz , Jakob Nordström

Quantum-inspired classical algorithms provide us with a new way to understand the computational power of quantum computers for practically-relevant problems, especially in machine learning. In the past several years, numerous efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Nikhil S. Mande , Changpeng Shao