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Modern distributed data management systems face a new challenge: how can autonomous, mutually-distrusting parties cooperate safely and effectively? Addressing this challenge brings up questions familiar from classical distributed systems:…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Maurice Herlihy , Barbara Liskov , Liuba Shrira

The heterogeneity of the blockchain landscape has motivated the design of blockchain protocols tailored to specific blockchains and applications that, hence, require custom security proofs. We observe that many blockchain protocols share…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Stephan Dübler , Federico Badaloni , Pedro Moreno-Sanchez , Clara Schneidewind

Blockchains are maintained by a network of participants that run algorithms designed to maintain collectively a distributed machine tolerant to Byzantine attacks. From the point of view of users, blockchains provide the illusion of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Martán Ceresa , César Sánchez

Smart contracts are crucial elements of decentralized technologies, but they face significant obstacles to trustworthiness due to security bugs and trapdoors. To address the core issue, we propose a technology that enables programmers to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Nikolaj Bjørner , Shuo Chen , Yang Chen , Zhongxin Guo , Peng Liu , Nanqing Luo

Ethereum Smart Contracts based on Blockchain Technology (BT) enables monetary transactions among peers on a blockchain network independent of a central authorizing agency. Ethereum Smart Contracts are programs that are deployed as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Noama Fatima Samreen , Manar H. Alalfi

Today's blockchains suffer from low throughput and high latency, which impedes their widespread adoption of more complex applications like smart contracts. In this paper, we propose a novel paradigm for smart contract execution. It…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Jian Liu , Peilun Li , Raymond~Cheng , N. Asokan , Dawn Song

Blockchains are gaining momentum due to the interest of industries and people in \emph{decentralized applications} (Dapps), particularly in those for trading assets through digital certificates secured on blockchain, called tokens. As a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Giampaolo Bella , Domenico Cantone , Cristiano Longo , Marianna Nicolosi-Asmundo , Daniele Francesco Santamaria

Traditional public blockchain systems typically had very limited transaction throughput because of the bottleneck of the consensus protocol itself. With recent advances in consensus technology, the performance limit has been greatly lifted,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Péter Garamvölgyi , Yuxi Liu , Dong Zhou , Fan Long , Ming Wu

Ethereum is currently the second largest blockchain by market capitalization and a popular platform for cryptocurrencies. As it has grown, the high value present and the anonymity afforded by the technology have led Ethereum to become a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Calvin Josenhans , Andrey Kuehlkamp , Jarek Nabrzyski

In recent years, decentralized applications (dApps) built on blockchain platforms such as Ethereum and coded in languages such as Solidity, have gained attention for their potential to disrupt traditional centralized systems. Despite their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Sabrina Aufiero , Giacomo Ibba , Silvia Bartolucci , Giuseppe Destefanis , Rumyana Neykova , Marco Ortu

The problem of a single point of failure in centralized systems poses a great challenge to the stability of such systems. Meanwhile, the tamperability of data within centralized systems makes users reluctant to trust and use centralized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ka Wai Wu

Blockchain technology has become one of the most popular trends in IT over the last few years. Its increasing popularity and the discovery of ever more use cases raises the question of how to improve scalability. While researchers are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Ole Delzer , Ingo Weber , Richard Hobeck , Stefan Schulte

Blockchain technologies are taking the world by storm. Public blockchains, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, enable secure peer-to-peer applications like crypto-currency or smart contracts. Their security and performance are well studied. This…

Databases · Computer Science 2017-03-14 Tien Tuan Anh Dinh , Ji Wang , Gang Chen , Rui Liu , Beng Chin Ooi , Kian-Lee Tan

As the public Ethereum network surpasses half a billion transactions and enterprise Blockchain systems becoming highly capable of meeting the demands of global deployments, production Blockchain applications are fast becoming commonplace…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Evan Brinckman , Andrey Kuehlkamp , Jarek Nabrzyski , Ian J. Taylor

Modern blockchains support a variety of distributed applications beyond cryptocurrencies, including smart contracts -- which let users execute arbitrary code in a distributed and decentralized fashion. Regardless of their intended…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Orestis Alpos , Christian Cachin , Giorgia Azzurra Marson , Luca Zanolini

Smart contracts on a blockchain behave precisely as specified by their code. A vulnerability in this code can lead to unexpected behaviour, which is hard to fix because a blockchain does not allow to change smart contract code after its…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Markus Knecht

Ethereum Smart contracts use blockchain to transfer values among peers on networks without central agency. These programs are deployed on decentralized applications running on top of the blockchain consensus protocol to enable people to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Noama Fatima Samreen , Manar H. Alalfi

Despite the success in various scenarios, blockchain systems, especially EVM-compatible ones that serially execute transactions, still face the significant challenge of limited throughput. Concurrent transaction execution is a promising…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Haoran Lin , Yajin Zhou , Lei Wu

Smart contracts are programs running on blockchain to execute transactions. When input constraints or security properties are violated at runtime, the transaction being executed by a smart contract needs to be reverted to avoid undesirable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Lu Liu , Lili Wei , Wuqi Zhang , Ming Wen , Yepang Liu , Shing-Chi Cheung

The Enterprise Ethereum Client Specification by the Enterprise Ethereum Alliance defines the requirements which Ethereum Clients offering private smart contract capabilities should comply with. This specification though ground breaking,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-09 Peter Robinson