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Quantum network enables a variety of quantum information processing tasks, where multi-user quantum communication is one of the important objectives. Quantum cryptographic conferencing serves as an essential solution to establish secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Haotao Zhu , Zhenhua Li , Shuai Zhao , Xiaodan Lyu , Shihao Ru , Yizhi Huang , Zitong Xu , Rui Qu , Weibo Gao

Semi-quantum private comparison (SQPC) enables two classical users with limited quantum capabilities to compare confidential information using a semi-honest third party (TP) with full quantum power. However, entanglement swapping, as an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-28 Chong-Qiang Ye , Jian Li , Xiu-Bo Chen , Yanyan Hou

An authentic digital signature scheme based on the correlation of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states was presented. In this scheme, by performing a local unitary operation on the third particles of each GHZ triplet, Alice can encode…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wen Xiao-jun , Liu Yun

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, also known as two-component Schr\"{o}dinger cats, play vital roles in the foundation of quantum physics and, more attractively, in future quantum technologies such as fault-tolerant quantum…

Multipartite entanglement enables secure and anonymous key exchange between multiple parties in a network. In particular Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states have been introduced as resource states for anonymous key exchange protocols,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-27 Lukas Rückle , Jakob Budde , Jarn de Jong , Frederik Hahn , Anna Pappa , Stefanie Barz

Multiparty quantum communication provides delightful applications including quantum cryptographic communication and quantum secret sharing. Measurement-Device-Independent (MDI) quantum communication based on the Greenberg-Horne-Zeilinger…

An unsymmetrical quantum key distribution scheme is proposed, its security is guaranteed by the correlation of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger triplet state. In the proposed protocol, the distribution of quantum states are unsymmetrical.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guihua Zeng

Quantum cryptographic conferencing (QCC) holds promise for distributing information-theoretic secure keys among multiple users over long distance. Limited by the fragility of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state, QCC networks based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-12 Shuai Zhao , Pei Zeng , Wen-Fei Cao , Xin-Yu Xu , Yi-Zheng Zhen , Xiongfeng Ma , Li Li , Nai-Le liu , Kai Chen

In this paper, we propose a novel semiquantum private comparison (SQPC) protocol based on Bell states, which enables one quantum user and one classical user to compare the equality of their private inputs with the help of a semi-honest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-05 Mao-Jie Geng , Xia Li , Tian-Yu Ye

We propose a scalable protocol in the Rydberg atomic system to generate the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, where the qubits are encoded on the hyperfine ground levels. Our system is featured with off-resonant driving fields…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-06 Zhu-yao Jin , Jun Jing

Quantum conference key agreement (QCKA) allows multiple users to establish a secure key from a shared multi-partite entangled state. In a quantum network, this protocol can be efficiently implemented using a single copy of a N-qubit…

We introduce a protocol for quantum secret sharing based on reusable entangled states. The entangled state between the sender and the receiver acts only as a carrier to which data bits are entangled by the sender and disentangled from it by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Saber Bagherinezhad , Vahid Karimipour

Base on the idea of dense coding of three-photon entangled state and qubit transmission in blocks, we present a multiparty controlled quantum secret direct communication scheme using Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. In the present scheme,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jian Wang , Quan Zhang , Chao-jing Tang

Quantum information protocols offer significant advantages in properties such as security, anonymity, and privacy for communication and computing tasks. An application where guaranteeing the highest possible security and privacy is critical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Nicolas Laurent-Puig , Matilde Baroni , Federico Centrone , Eleni Diamanti

In a recent paper [S. Bagherinezhad and V. Karimipour, Phys. Rev. A 67, 044302 (2003)], a quantum secret sharing protocol based on reusable GHZ states was proposed. However, in this Comment, it is shown that this protocol is insecure if Eve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Fei Gao , Fenzhuo Guo , Qiaoyan Wen , Fuchen Zhu

Entanglement is an essential resource in many quantum information tasks and entanglement witness is a widely used tool for its detection. In experiments the prepared state generally deviates from the target state due to some noise. Normally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-08 You Zhou

We present a three-party simultaneous quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) scheme by using Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. This scheme can be directly generalized to $N$-party QSDC by using $n$-particle GHZ states. We show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Xing-Ri Jin , Xin Ji , Ying-Qiao Zhang , Shou Zhang , Suc-Kyoung Hong , Kyu-Hwang Yeon , Chung-In Um

We present a controlled secure direct communication protocol by using Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled state via swapping quantum entanglement and local unitary operations. Since messages transferred only by using local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yan Xia , Chang-Bao Fu , Feng-Yue Li , Shou Zhang , Kyu-Hwang Yeon , Chung-In Um

Quantum networks can enhance both security and privacy conditions for multi-user communication, delegated computation, and distributed sensing tasks. An example quantum protocol is private parameter estimation (PPE) where only the aggregate…

Recently, Liu W et al. proposed a two-party quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol using entanglement swapping of Bell entangled state (Commun. Theor. Phys. 57(2012)583-588). Subsequently, Liu W J et al. pointed out that in Liu W et…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 Tian-Yu Ye