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A tight lower bound for required I/O when computing an ordinary matrix-matrix multiplication on a processor with two layers of memory is established. Prior work obtained weaker lower bounds by reasoning about the number of segments needed…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Tyler Michael Smith , Bradley Lowery , Julien Langou , Robert A. van de Geijn

Whereas matrix rank is additive under direct sum, in 1981 Sch\"onhage showed that one of its generalizations to the tensor setting, tensor border rank, can be strictly subadditive for tensors of order three. Whether border rank is additive…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-04-12 Matthias Christandl , Fulvio Gesmundo , Mateusz Michałek , Jeroen Zuiddam

Border complexity measures are defined via limits (or topological closures), so that any function which can approximated arbitrarily closely by low complexity functions itself has low border complexity. Debordering is the task of proving an…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Pranjal Dutta , Fulvio Gesmundo , Christian Ikenmeyer , Gorav Jindal , Vladimir Lysikov

We present a new algorithm for fast matrix multiplication using tensor decompositions which have special features. Thanks to these features we obtain exponents lower than what the rank of the tensor decomposition suggests. In particular for…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Manuel Kauers , Jakob Moosbauer , Isaac Wood

We lower bound the rank of a tensor by a linear combination of the ranks of three of its unfoldings, using Sylvester's rank inequality. In a similar way, we lower bound the symmetric rank by a linear combination of the symmetric ranks of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-02-15 Kexin Wang , Anna Seigal

The results of Strassen and Raz show that good enough tensor rank lower bounds have implications for algebraic circuit/formula lower bounds. We explore tensor rank lower and upper bounds, focusing on explicit tensors. For odd d, we…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-03-05 Boris Alexeev , Michael Forbes , Jacob Tsimerman

The (asymptotic) complexity of matrix multiplication (over the complex field) is measured by a real parameter w > 0, called the exponent of matrix multiplication (over the complex field), which is defined to be the smallest real number w >…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-09-11 Sandeep Murthy

The tensor rank of a tensor t is the smallest number r such that t can be decomposed as a sum of r simple tensors. Let s be a k-tensor and let t be an l-tensor. The tensor product of s and t is a (k + l)-tensor. Tensor rank is…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2022-09-30 Matthias Christandl , Asger Kjærulff Jensen , Jeroen Zuiddam

Border complexity captures functions that can be approximated by low-complexity ones. Debordering is the task of proving an upper bound on some non-border complexity measure in terms of a border complexity measure, thus getting rid of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Pranjal Dutta , Vladimir Lysikov

A well studied problem in algebraic complexity theory is the determination of the complexity of problems relying on evaluations of bilinear maps. One measure of the complexity of a bilinear map (or 3-tensor) is the optimal number of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Eimear Byrne , Giuseppe Cotardo

We study the decidability of three well-known problems related to integer matrix multiplication: Mortality (M), Zero in the Left-Upper Corner (Z), and Zero in the Right-Upper Corner (R). Let d and k be positive integers. Define M(k, d x d)…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-09-08 Julien Cassaigne , Vesa Halava , Tero Harju , Francois Nicolas

Linear upper bounds may be derived by imposing specific structural conditions on a generating set, such as additional constraints on ranks, eigenvalues, or the degree of the minimal polynomial of the generating matrices. This paper…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Chengjie Wang

We show that the product rank of the $3\times 3$ determinant is $5$, and the product rank of the $3\times 3$ permanent is $4$. As a corollary, we obtain that the tensor ranks of the $3 \times 3$ determinant and permanent are $5$ and $4$,…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-11-26 Nathan Ilten , Zach Teitler

We consider the problem of multiplying sparse matrices (over a semiring) where the number of non-zero entries is larger than main memory. In the classical paper of Hong and Kung (STOC '81) it was shown that to compute a product of dense $U…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-03-17 Rasmus Pagh , Morten Stöckel

The recent discovery that the exponent of matrix multiplication is determined by the rank of the symmetrized matrix multiplication tensor has invigorated interest in better understanding symmetrized matrix multiplication. I present an…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-11 Austin Conner

Mulmuley and Sohoni (GCT1 in SICOMP 2001, GCT2 in SICOMP 2008) proposed to view the permanent versus determinant problem as a specific orbit closure problem and to attack it by methods from geometric invariant and representation theory. We…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-11-08 Peter Buergisser , Christian Ikenmeyer

Let $D(n)$ be the maximal determinant for $n \times n$ $\{\pm 1\}$-matrices, and ${\mathcal R}(n) = D(n)/n^{n/2}$ be the ratio of $D(n)$ to the Hadamard upper bound. We give several new lower bounds on ${\mathcal R}(n)$ in terms of $d$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-26 Richard P. Brent , Judy-anne H. Osborn , Warren D. Smith

Motivated by connections between algebraic complexity lower bounds and tensor decompositions, we investigate Koszul-Young flattenings, which are the main ingredient in recent lower bounds for matrix multiplication. Based on this tool we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Pravesh K. Kothari , Ankur Moitra , Alexander S. Wein

Fast matrix multiplication is one of the most fundamental problems in algorithm research. The exponent of the optimal time complexity of matrix multiplication is usually denoted by $\omega$. This paper discusses new ideas for improving the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Ran Duan , Hongxun Wu , Renfei Zhou

Motivated by problems in algebraic complexity theory (e.g., matrix multiplication) and extremal combinatorics (e.g., the cap set problem and the sunflower problem), we introduce the geometric rank as a new tool in the study of tensors and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Swastik Kopparty , Guy Moshkovitz , Jeroen Zuiddam