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Integrated optics are used to achieve astronomical interferometry inside robust and compact materials, improving the instruments stability and sensitivity. In order to perform differential phase measurements at the H$\alpha$ line (656.3 nm)…

Ultrafast 3D imaging is indispensable for visualizing complex and dynamic biological processes. Conventional scanning-based techniques necessitate an inherent trade-off between acquisition speed and space-bandwidth product (SBP). Emerging…

Photonic integrated circuits offer a compact and stable platform for generating, manipulating, and detecting light. They are instrumental for classical and quantum applications. Imperfections stemming from fabrication constraints,…

Precise control of light-matter interactions at the nanoscale lies at the heart of nanophotonics. Experimental examination at this length scale is challenging, however, since the corresponding electromagnetic near-field is often confined…

Transmission electron microscopy at very low energy is a promising way to avoid damaging delicate biological samples with the incident electrons, a known problem in conventional transmission electron microscopy. For imaging in the 0-30 eV…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-09-22 Peter S. Neu , Daniël Geelen , Aniket Thete , Rudolf M. Tromp , Sense Jan van der Molen

While electron microscopy offers crucial atomic-resolution insights into structure-property relationships, radiation damage severely limits its use on beam-sensitive materials like proteins and 2D materials. To overcome this challenge, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Zifei Wang , Zian Mao , Xiaoya He , Xi Huang , Haoran Zhang , Chun Cheng , Shufen Chu , Tingzheng Hou , Xiaoqin Zeng , Yujun Xie

Integrated quantum photonics, i.e. the generation, manipulation and detection of quantum states of light in integrated photonic chips, is revolutionizing the field of quantum information in all applications, from communications to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-13 Giacomo Corrielli , Andrea Crespi , Roberto Osellame

Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has recently joined X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy as a high-resolution structural method to resolve biological macromolecules. In a cryo-EM experiment, the microscope produces…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Tamir Bendory , Nicolas Boumal , William Leeb , Eitan Levin , Amit Singer

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is indispensable in diverse applications ranging from microelectronics to food processing because it provides large depth-of-field images with a resolution beyond the optical diffraction limit. However,…

We present a newly developed methodology using computer-readable fiducial markers to allow images from multiple imaging modalities to be registered automatically. This methodology makes it possible to correlate images from many surface…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-12-01 J. Sheriff , I. W. Fletcher , P. J. Cumpson

The use of electron mirrors in aberration correction and surface-sensitive microscopy techniques such as low-energy electron microscopy has been established. However, in this work, by implementing an easy to construct, fully electrostatic…

Semantic segmentation of electron microscopy (EM) images of biological samples remains a challenge in the life sciences. EM data captures details of biological structures, sometimes with such complexity that even human observers can find it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Sheida Rahnamai Kordasiabi , Damian Dalle Nogare , Florian Jug

Machine learning technologies have found fertile ground in optics due to its promising features based on speed and parallelism. Feed-forward neural networks are one of the most widely used machine learning algorithms due to their simplicity…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Stefano Biasi , Riccardo Franchi , Lorenzo Cerini , Lorenzo Pavesi

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) has attained high spatiotemporal delineation of subcellular architecture, yet offers limited insight into chemical composition. We develop Chem-SIM, a structured-illumination fluorescence detected…

In the field of integrated circuit manufacturing, the detection and classification of nanoscale wafer defects are critical for subsequent root cause analysis and yield enhancement. The complex background patterns observed in scanning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Qian Jin , Yuqi Jiang , Xudong Lu , Yumeng Liu , Yining Chen , Dawei Gao , Qi Sun , Cheng Zhuo

Microscopy has been key to tremendous advances in science, technology, and medicine, revealing structure and dynamics across time and length scales. However, combining high spatial and temporal resolution in a non-invasive, label-free…

Circular dichroism spectroscopy is an essential technique for understanding molecular structure and magnetic materials, but spatial resolution is limited by the wavelength of light, and sensitivity sufficient for single-molecule…

The application of PhotoEmission Electron Microscopy (PEEM) and Low Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM) techniques to the study of the electronic and chemical structure of ferroelectric materials is reviewed. Electron optics in both…

The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is probably one the most fascinating examination approach that has been used since more than two decades to detailed inspection of micro scale objects. Most of the scanning electron microscopes could…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-02-18 Wichai Shanklin

Imaging dynamical processes at interfaces and on the nanoscale is of great importance throughout science and technology. While light-optical imaging techniques often cannot provide the necessary spatial resolution, electron-optical…