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Explaining deep learning models is of vital importance for understanding artificial intelligence systems, improving safety, and evaluating fairness. To better understand and control the CNN model, many methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Zhihao Wang , Chuang Zhu

Neural networks for NLP are becoming increasingly complex and widespread, and there is a growing concern if these models are responsible to use. Explaining models helps to address the safety and ethical concerns and is essential for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Andreas Madsen , Siva Reddy , Sarath Chandar

What is it to interpret the outputs of an opaque machine learning model. One approach is to develop interpretable machine learning techniques. These techniques aim to show how machine learning models function by providing either model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Andrew Smart , Atoosa Kasirzadeh

We investigate the influence of adversarial training on the interpretability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), specifically applied to diagnosing skin cancer. We show that gradient-based saliency maps of adversarially trained CNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Andrei Margeloiu , Nikola Simidjievski , Mateja Jamnik , Adrian Weller

Interpretability research often adopts a neuron-centric lens, treating individual neurons as the fundamental units of explanation. However, neuron-level explanations can be undermined by superposition, where single units respond to mixtures…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Julien Colin , Lore Goetschalckx , Thomas Fel , Victor Boutin , Thomas Serre , Nuria Oliver

Recursive neural networks (RvNN) have been shown useful for learning sentence representations and helped achieve competitive performance on several natural language inference tasks. However, recent RvNN-based models fail to learn simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Atul Sahay , Ayush Maheshwari , Ritesh Kumar , Ganesh Ramakrishnan , Manjesh Kumar Hanawal , Kavi Arya

End-to-end deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success across various domains but are often criticized for their lack of interpretability. While post hoc explanation methods attempt to address this issue, they often fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Weixin Chen , Simon Yu , Huajie Shao , Lui Sha , Han Zhao

As artificial intelligence increasingly drives critical decisions, the ability to genuinely explain how neural networks make predictions is essential for trust. Yet, most current explanation methods offer post-hoc rationalizations rather…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Corentin Lobet , Francesca Chiaromonte

In recent years, deep learning has become prevalent to solve applications from multiple domains. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) particularly have demonstrated state of the art performance for the task of image classification. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Meghna P Ayyar , Jenny Benois-Pineau , Akka Zemmari

Rule-based explanation methods offer rigorous and globally interpretable insights into neural network behavior. However, existing approaches are mostly limited to small fully connected networks and depend on costly layerwise rule extraction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Chuqin Geng , Anqi Xing , Li Zhang , Ziyu Zhao , Yuhe Jiang , Xujie Si

In many practical applications, deep neural networks have been typically deployed to operate as a black box predictor. Despite the high amount of work on interpretability and high demand on the reliability of these systems, they typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Martin Stano , Wanda Benesova , Lukas Samuel Martak

Network interpretation as an effort to reveal the features learned by a network remains largely visualization-based. In this paper, our goal is to tackle semantic network interpretation at both filter and decision level. For filter-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Pei Guo , Ryan Farrell

Mechanistic Interpretability (MI) aims to understand neural networks through causal explanations. Though MI has many explanation-generating methods, progress has been limited by the lack of a universal approach to evaluating explanations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Kola Ayonrinde , Louis Jaburi

Explainability has been widely stated as a cornerstone of the responsible and trustworthy use of machine learning models. With the ubiquitous use of Deep Neural Network (DNN) models expanding to risk-sensitive and safety-critical domains,…

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have achieved remarkable performance on a range of tasks. A key step to further empowering RNN-based approaches is improving their explainability and interpretability. In this work we present MEME: a model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Dmitry Kazhdan , Botty Dimanov , Mateja Jamnik , Pietro Liò

Convolutional neural networks for computer vision are fairly intuitive. In a typical CNN used in image classification, the first layers learn edges, and the following layers learn some filters that can identify an object. But CNNs for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Prudhvi Raj Dachapally , Srikanth Ramanam

Despite their impact on the society, deep neural networks are often regarded as black-box models due to their intricate structures and the absence of explanations for their decisions. This opacity poses a significant challenge to AI systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Biagio La Rosa

Neural networks are widely regarded as black-box models, creating significant challenges in understanding their inner workings, especially in natural language processing (NLP) applications. To address this opacity, model explanation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Melkamu Mersha , Mingiziem Bitewa , Tsion Abay , Jugal Kalita

Recent advances in machine learning have led to a surge in adoption of neural networks for various tasks, but lack of interpretability remains an issue for many others in which an understanding of the features influencing the prediction is…

In recent years, deep neural networks have been applied to obtain high performance of prediction, classification, and pattern recognition. However, the weights in these deep neural networks are difficult to be explained. Although a linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Chi-Hua Chen