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Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has shown remarkable success in complex domains, however, the inherent black box nature of deep neural network policies raises significant challenges in understanding and trusting the decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Peilang Li , Umer Siddique , Yongcan Cao

In this work, we present an alternative approach to making an agent compositional through the use of a diagnostic classifier. Because of the need for explainable agents in automated decision processes, we attempt to interpret the latent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Michiel van der Meer , Matteo Pirotta , Elia Bruni

With the advancement of technology for artificial intelligence (AI) based solutions and analytics compute engines, machine learning (ML) models are getting more complex day by day. Most of these models are generally used as a black box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 P. Sai Ram Aditya , Mayukha Pal

We consider learning to optimize a classification metric defined by a black-box function of the confusion matrix. Such black-box learning settings are ubiquitous, for example, when the learner only has query access to the metric of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Gaurush Hiranandani , Jatin Mathur , Harikrishna Narasimhan , Mahdi Milani Fard , Oluwasanmi Koyejo

Interpretable machine learning tackles the important problem that humans cannot understand the behaviors of complex machine learning models and how these models arrive at a particular decision. Although many approaches have been proposed, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Mengnan Du , Ninghao Liu , Xia Hu

Despite their success, Large-Language Models (LLMs) still face criticism due to their lack of interpretability. Traditional post-hoc interpretation methods, based on attention and gradient-based analysis, offer limited insights as they only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Francesco De Santis , Philippe Bich , Gabriele Ciravegna , Pietro Barbiero , Danilo Giordano , Tania Cerquitelli

Tree ensembles, such as random forest and boosted trees, are renowned for their high prediction performance, whereas their interpretability is critically limited. In this paper, we propose a post processing method that improves the model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-20 Satoshi Hara , Kohei Hayashi

Machine learning has shown much promise in helping improve the quality of medical, legal, and financial decision-making. In these applications, machine learning models must satisfy two important criteria: (i) they must be causal, since the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Carolyn Kim , Osbert Bastani

A key task in multi-label classification is modeling the structure between the involved classes. Modeling this structure by probabilistic and interpretable means enables application in a broad variety of tasks such as zero-shot learning or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-08 Michael Kirchhof , Lena Schmid , Christopher Reining , Michael ten Hompel , Markus Pauly

The interpretability of models has become a crucial issue in Machine Learning because of algorithmic decisions' growing impact on real-world applications. Tree ensemble methods, such as Random Forests or XgBoost, are powerful learning tools…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-19 Giulia Di Teodoro , Marta Monaci , Laura Palagi

Black-box deep neural networks excel in text classification, yet their application in high-stakes domains is hindered by their lack of interpretability. To address this, we propose Text Bottleneck Models (TBM), an intrinsically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Josh Magnus Ludan , Qing Lyu , Yue Yang , Liam Dugan , Mark Yatskar , Chris Callison-Burch

Ensemble learning is a mainstay in modern data science practice. Conventional ensemble algorithms assigns to base models a set of deterministic, constant model weights that (1) do not fully account for variations in base model accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Jeremiah Zhe Liu , John Paisley , Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou , Brent A. Coull

A desirable property of interpretable models is small size, so that they are easily understandable by humans. This leads to the following challenges: (a) small sizes typically imply diminished accuracy, and (b) bespoke levers provided by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Abhishek Ghose , Balaraman Ravindran

Teachers intentionally pick the most informative examples to show their students. However, if the teacher and student are neural networks, the examples that the teacher network learns to give, although effective at teaching the student, are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Smitha Milli , Pieter Abbeel , Igor Mordatch

We propose learning flexible but interpretable functions that aggregate a variable-length set of permutation-invariant feature vectors to predict a label. We use a deep lattice network model so we can architect the model structure to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Andrew Cotter , Maya Gupta , Heinrich Jiang , James Muller , Taman Narayan , Serena Wang , Tao Zhu

For many interesting tasks, such as medical diagnosis and web page classification, a learner only has access to some positively labeled examples and many unlabeled examples. Learning from this type of data requires making assumptions about…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Jessa Bekker , Jesse Davis

Positive--unlabeled (PU) learning considers two samples, a positive set P with observations from only one class and an unlabeled set U with observations from two classes. The goal is to classify observations in U. Class mixture proportion…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-13 Zhenfeng Lin , James P. Long

Existing algorithms aiming to learn a binary classifier from positive (P) and unlabeled (U) data generally require estimating the class prior or label noises ahead of building a classification model. However, the estimation and classifier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Tianyu Li , Chien-Chih Wang , Yukun Ma , Patricia Ortal , Qifang Zhao , Bjorn Stenger , Yu Hirate

Deep learning models have achieved remarkable success in different areas of machine learning over the past decade; however, the size and complexity of these models make them difficult to understand. In an effort to make them more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Vikram V. Ramaswamy , Sunnie S. Y. Kim , Nicole Meister , Ruth Fong , Olga Russakovsky

In artificial intelligence (AI), the complexity of many models and processes surpasses human understanding, making it challenging to determine why a specific prediction is made. This lack of transparency is particularly problematic in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-30 Alexandra Stadler , Werner G. Müller , Radoslav Harman