Related papers: Maxwell's definition of electric polarization as d…
Maxwell's equations describe the relation of charge and electric force almost perfectly even though electrons and permanent charge were not in his equations, as he wrote them. For Maxwell, all charge depended on electric field. Charge was…
Mobile charge in an electrolytic solution can in principle be represented as the divergence of ionic polarization. After adding explicit solvent polarization a finite volume of electrolyte can then be treated as a composite non-uniform…
A close examination of the Maxwell-Lorentz theory of electrodynamics reveals that polarization and magnetization of material media need not be treated as local averages over small volumes - volumes that nevertheless contain a large number…
The Displacement Current is a peculiar aspect of Maxwell's equation created by theoretical necessity only to be later validated through experimentation. We analyze the properties of the Displacement Current in the static condition of…
A long-standing controversy concerning the causes of the magnetic field in and around a parallel-plate capacitor is examined. Three possible sources of contention are noted and detailed. The first is the ambiguous initial impression given…
Electrodynamics is usually written with a polarization vector field to describe the response of matter to electric fields, or more specifically, to describe changes in distribution of charge as an electric field is changed. This approach…
The standard Maxwell formulation of the problem of polarized dielectrics suffers from a number of difficulties, both conceptual and practical. These difficulties are particularly significant in the case of liquid interfaces, where the…
It is shown that the set of equations known as Maxwell's equations perfectly describe two very different systems: (1) the usual electromagnetic phenomena in vacuum or in the matter and (2) the deformation of isotropic solid lattices,…
The classical theory of electrodynamics cannot explain the existence and structure of electric and magnetic dipoles, yet it incorporates such dipoles into its fundamental equations, simply by postulating their existence and properties, just…
Finite-field calculations in periodic insulators are technically and conceptually challenging, due to fundamental problems in defining polarization in extended solids. While significant progress has been made recently with the establishment…
Ionic crystals play a central role in functional applications. Mesoscale descriptions of these crystals are based on the continuum polarization density field to represent the effective physics of charge distribution at the scale of the…
We consider the electrodynamics of electric charges and currents in vacuum and then generalise our results to the description of a dielectric and magnetic material medium : first in spatial algebra (SA) and then in space-time algebra (STA).…
Starting with the most general form of Maxwell's macroscopic equations in which the free charge and free current densities, rho_free and J_free, as well as the densities of polarization and magnetization, P and M, are arbitrary functions of…
Based on the microscopic Maxwell equations, we develop a method of description of the electric field in a spontaneously polarized isotropic nonpolar dielectric. We find the solution for the electric field $\textbf{E}(\textbf{r})$ for…
Classical electrodynamics uses a dielectric constant to describe the polarization response of electromechanical systems to changes in an electric field. We generalize that description to include a wide variety of responses to changes in the…
A dielectric dilemma faces scientists because Maxwell's equations are poor approximations as usually written, with a single dielectric constant. Maxwell's equations are then not accurate enough to be useful in many applications involving…
It is certain that electrical properties-whether slow (sec) or fast (nsec), even optical (fsec)-are described by Maxwell's equations, and there are terms that depend on the rate of change of the electric and magnetic fields. In particular,…
Electricity plays a special role in our lives and life. Equations of electron dynamics are nearly exact and apply from nuclear particles to stars. These Maxwell equations include a special term the displacement current (of vacuum).…
In this paper we consider an abstract Cauchy problem for a Maxwell system modelling electromagnetic fields in the presence of an interface between optical media. The electric polarization is in general time-delayed and nonlinear, turning…
Based on the derivation of the macroscopic Maxwell's equations by spatial averaging of the microscopic equations, we discuss the electrophysiology of living organs. Other methods of averaging (or homogenization) like the bidomain model are…