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We introduce a class of 3D color codes, which we call stacked codes, together with a fault-tolerant transformation that will map logical qubits encoded in two-dimensional (2D) color codes into stacked codes and back. The stacked code allows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-07 Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , Stephen D. Bartlett

A toric quantum error-correcting code construction procedure is presented in this work. A new class of an infinite family of toric quantum codes is provided by constructing a classical cyclic code on the square lattice $\mathbb{Z}_{q}\times…

flip is an extremely simple and maximally local classical decoder which has been used to great effect in certain classes of classical codes. When applied to quantum codes there exist constant-weight errors (such as half of a stabiliser)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-30 T. R. Scruby , K. Nemoto

Toric codes are error-correcting codes that are derived from toric varieties, which hold a unique correspondence to integral convex polytopes. In this paper, we focus on integral convex polytopes $P \subseteq \mathbb{R}^2$ and the toric…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-09-26 Amelia Gibbs , Eliza Hogan , Kelly Jabbusch , Jenna Plute , Nicholas Toloczko

We propose a new strategy to decode color codes, which is based on the projection of the error onto three surface codes. This provides a method to transform every decoding algorithm of surface codes into a decoding algorithm of color codes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-22 Nicolas Delfosse

Quantum error correction is indispensable to achieving reliable quantum computation. When quantum information is encoded redundantly, a larger Hilbert space is constructed using multiple physical qubits, and the computation is performed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Hoshitaro Ohnishi , Hideo Mukai

Spatially-coupled (SC) codes is a class of convolutional LDPC codes that has been well investigated in classical coding theory thanks to their high performance and compatibility with low-latency decoders. We describe toric codes as quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-09 Siyi Yang , Robert Calderbank

Color codes are promising quantum error correction (QEC) codes because they have an advantage over surface codes in that all Clifford gates can be implemented transversally. However, thresholds of color codes under circuit-level noise are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-18 Yugo Takada , Keisuke Fujii

We show that belief propagation combined with ordered statistics post-processing is a general decoder for quantum low density parity check codes constructed from the hypergraph product. To this end, we run numerical simulations of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-04 Joschka Roffe , David R. White , Simon Burton , Earl T. Campbell

We suggest concrete models for self-correcting quantum memory by reporting examples of local stabilizer codes in 3D that have no string logical operators. Previously known local stabilizer codes in 3D all have string-like logical operators,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-25 Jeongwan Haah

This correspondence proposes a new rotated codebook for three-dimensional (3D) multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) system under spatially correlated channel. To avoid the problem of high dimensionality led by large antenna array, the rotation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-09-29 Fang Yuan

Qudit toric codes are a natural higher-dimensional generalization of the well-studied qubit toric code. However standard methods for error correction of the qubit toric code are not applicable to them. Novel decoders are needed. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-19 Hussain Anwar , Benjamin J. Brown , Earl T. Campbell , Dan E. Browne

Quantum error correction (QEC) is critical for scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing. Topological codes, such as the toric code, offer hardware-efficient architectures but their Tanner graphs contain many girth-4 cycles that degrade the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Luca Menti , Francisco Lázaro

We consider geometric methods of ``rotating" the toric code in higher dimensions to reduce the qubit count. These geometric methods can be used to prepare higher dimensional toric code states using single shot techniques, and in turn these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 David Aasen , Jeongwan Haah , Matthew B. Hastings , Zhenghan Wang

Toric codes are a class of $m$-dimensional cyclic codes introduced recently by J. Hansen. They may be defined as evaluation codes obtained from monomials corresponding to integer lattice points in an integral convex polytope $P \subseteq…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 John Little , Ryan Schwarz

Polynomial evaluation codes hold a prominent place in coding theory. In this work, we study the problem of list decoding for a general class of polynomial evaluation codes, also known as Toric codes, that are defined for any given convex…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Silouanos Brazitikos , Theodoulos Garefalakis , Eleni Tzanaki

Large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation requires compiling logical circuits into physical operations tailored to a given architecture. Prior work addressing this challenge has mostly focused on the surface code and lattice surgery…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Laura S. Herzog , Lucas Berent , Aleksander Kubica , Robert Wille

The Kitaev toric code is widely considered one of the leading candidates for error correction in fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, direct methods to increase its logical dimensions, such as lattice surgery or introducing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Zijian Liang , Ke Liu , Hao Song , Yu-An Chen

Topological stabilizer codes with different spatial dimensions have complementary properties. Here I show that the spatial dimension can be switched using gauge fixing. Combining 2D and 3D gauge color codes in a 3D qubit lattice,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-13 H. Bombin

Accuracy thresholds of quantum error correcting codes, which exploit topological properties of systems, defined on two different arrangements of qubits are predicted. We study the topological color codes on the hexagonal lattice and on the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2013-05-29 Masayuki Ohzeki