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Motivated by the rapidly growing field of mathematics for operator approximation with neural networks, we present a novel universal operator approximation theorem for a broad class of encoder-decoder architectures. In this study, we focus…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Janek Gödeke , Pascal Fernsel

In this paper, we introduce convolutional proximal neural networks (cPNNs), which are by construction averaged operators. For filters of full length, we propose a stochastic gradient descent algorithm on a submanifold of the Stiefel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-13 Johannes Hertrich , Sebastian Neumayer , Gabriele Steidl

Operator learning is a recent development in the simulation of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) by means of neural networks. The idea behind this approach is to learn the behavior of an operator, such that the resulting neural network…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-15 Ahmed Abdeljawad , Thomas Dittrich

Complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) have recently shown promising empirical success, for instance for increasing the stability of recurrent neural networks and for improving the performance in tasks with complex-valued inputs, such as in…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-10-31 Paul Geuchen , Felix Voigtlaender

Universal approximation theorem suggests that a shallow neural network can approximate any function. The input to neurons at each layer is a weighted sum of previous layer neurons and then an activation is applied. These activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Bhaavan Goel

The classical development of neural networks has primarily focused on learning mappings between finite dimensional Euclidean spaces or finite sets. We propose a generalization of neural networks to learn operators, termed neural operators,…

Recently, deep reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable empirical success by integrating deep neural networks into RL frameworks. However, these algorithms often require a large number of training samples and admit little…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Junhong Shen , Lin F. Yang

Neural operators have emerged as transformative tools for learning mappings between infinite-dimensional function spaces, offering useful applications in solving complex partial differential equations (PDEs). This paper presents a rigorous…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Vu-Anh Le , Mehmet Dik

We present a new neural network to approximate convex functions. This network has the particularity to approximate the function with cuts and can be easily adapted to partial convexity. We give an universal approximation theorem in the full…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-27 Xavier Warin

We establish universality and expression rate bounds for a class of neural Deep Operator Networks (DON) emulating Lipschitz (or H\"older) continuous maps $\mathcal G:\mathcal X\to\mathcal Y$ between (subsets of) separable Hilbert spaces…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-20 Christoph Schwab , Andreas Stein , Jakob Zech

There are presented certain results on extending continuous linear operators defined on spaces of E-valued continuous functions (defined on a compact Hausdorff space X) to linear operators defined on spaces of E-valued measurable functions…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-05-26 Piotr Niemiec

Transformers, and the attention mechanism in particular, have become ubiquitous in machine learning. Their success in modeling nonlocal, long-range correlations has led to their widespread adoption in natural language processing, computer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Edoardo Calvello , Nikola B. Kovachki , Matthew E. Levine , Andrew M. Stuart

We prove that for analytic functions in low dimension, the convergence rate of the deep neural network approximation is exponential.

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Weinan E , Qingcan Wang

In this work, we examine the approximation capabilities of deep neural networks utilizing the Rectified Quadratic Unit (ReQU) activation function, defined as \(\max(0,x)^2\), for approximating H\"older-regular functions with respect to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ahmed Abdeljawad

The paper examines the construction and analysis of a new class of mixed exponential statistical structures that combine the properties of stochastic models and linear positive operators. The relevance of the topic is driven by the growing…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Yurii Volkov , Oleksandr Volkov , Nataliia Voinalovych

This article discusses the convergence properties of the Max Product and Max Min variants of Durrmeyer type exponential sampling series. We first establish pointwise and uniform convergence of both operators in the space of log uniformly…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-17 Satyaranjan Pradhan , Abhishek Senapati , Madan Mohan Soren

We consider solving a probably infinite dimensional operator equation, where the operator is not modeled by physical laws but is specified indirectly via training pairs of the input-output relation of the operator. Neural operators have…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Otmar Scherzer , Thi Lan Nhi Vu , Jikai Yan

We investigate the rational approximation of fractional powers of unbounded positive operators attainable with a specific integral representation of the operator function. We provide accurate error bounds by exploiting classical results in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-19 Lidia Aceto , Paolo Novati

Deep Operator Networks (DeepONets) provide a branch-trunk neural architecture for approximating nonlinear operators acting between function spaces. In the classical operator approximation framework, the input is a function $u\in C(K_1)$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Vugar Ismailov

This paper offers a newly created integral approach for operators employing the orthogonal modified Laguerre polynomials and P\u{a}lt\u{a}nea basis. These operators approximate the functions over the interval $[0,\infty)$. Further, the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-05-14 Kapil Kumar , Naokant Deo , Durvesh Kumar Verma