English
Related papers

Related papers: On the Complexity of Labeled Datasets

200 papers

Max-cut, clustering, and many other partitioning problems that are of significant importance to machine learning and other scientific fields are NP-hard, a reality that has motivated researchers to develop a wealth of approximation…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Maria-Florina Balcan , Vaishnavh Nagarajan , Ellen Vitercik , Colin White

Supervised learning demands large amounts of precisely annotated data to achieve promising results. Such data curation is labor-intensive and imposes significant overhead regarding time and costs. Self-supervised learning (SSL) partially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Thangarajah Akilan , Nusrat Jahan , Wandong Zhang

There has been increasing attention to semi-supervised learning (SSL) approaches in machine learning to forming a classifier in situations where the training data for a classifier consists of a limited number of classified observations but…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-10 Daniel Ahfock , Geoffrey J. McLachlan

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a scalable way to learn general visual representations since it learns without labels. However, large-scale unlabeled datasets in the wild often have long-tailed label distributions, where we know little…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Hong Liu , Jeff Z. HaoChen , Adrien Gaidon , Tengyu Ma

We study the sample complexity of semi-supervised learning (SSL) and introduce new assumptions based on the mismatch between a mixture model learned from unlabeled data and the true mixture model induced by the (unknown) class conditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Chen Dan , Liu Leqi , Bryon Aragam , Pradeep Ravikumar , Eric P. Xing

Statistical learning is the process of estimating an unknown probabilistic input-output relationship of a system using a limited number of observations. A statistical learning machine (SLM) is the algorithm, function, model, or rule, that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-26 Waleed A. Yousef

The dream of machine learning in materials science is for a model to learn the underlying physics of an atomic system, allowing it to move beyond interpolation of the training set to the prediction of properties that were not present in the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Paul Sinz , Michael W. Swift , Xavier Brumwell , Jialin Liu , Kwang Jin Kim , Yue Qi , Matthew Hirn

The centrality and diversity of the labeled data are very influential to the performance of semi-supervised learning (SSL), but most SSL models select the labeled data randomly. This study first construct a leading forest that forms a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Ji Xu , Gang Ren , Yao Xiao , Shaobo Li , Guoyin Wang

Grokking, the abrupt transition from memorization to generalisation after extended training, suggests the presence of competing solution basins with distinct statistical properties. We study this phenomenon through the lens of Singular…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-08 Ben Cullen , Sergio Estan-Ruiz , Riya Danait , Jiayi Li

Few-shot classification (FSC) is challenging due to the scarcity of labeled training data (e.g. only one labeled data point per class). Meta-learning has shown to achieve promising results by learning to initialize a classification model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Xinzhe Li , Qianru Sun , Yaoyao Liu , Shibao Zheng , Qin Zhou , Tat-Seng Chua , Bernt Schiele

Many complex cyber-physical systems can be modeled as heterogeneous components interacting with each other in real-time. We assume that the correctness of each component can be specified as a requirement satisfied by the output signals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Sara Mohammadinejad , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Aniruddh G. Puranic

In this paper we develop a statistical theory and an implementation of deep learning models. We show that an elegant variable splitting scheme for the alternating direction method of multipliers optimises a deep learning objective. We allow…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-09-22 Nicholas G. Polson , Brandon T. Willard , Massoud Heidari

Semantic segmentation of various tissue and nuclei types in histology images is fundamental to many downstream tasks in the area of computational pathology (CPath). In recent years, Deep Learning (DL) methods have been shown to perform well…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Raja Muhammad Saad Bashir , Talha Qaiser , Shan E Ahmed Raza , Nasir M. Rajpoot

Statistical learning theory is the foundation of machine learning, providing theoretical bounds for the risk of models learned from a (single) training set, assumed to issue from an unknown probability distribution. In actual deployment,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Michele Caprio , Maryam Sultana , Eleni Elia , Fabio Cuzzolin

The problem of fully supervised classification is that it requires a tremendous amount of annotated data, however, in many datasets a large portion of data is unlabeled. To alleviate this problem semi-supervised learning (SSL) leverages the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Ehsan Kazemi

Whenever data-based systems are employed in engineering applications, defining an optimal statistical representation is subject to the problem of model selection. This paper focusses on how well models can generalise in Structural Health…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-15 C. A. Lindley , N. Dervilis , K. Worden

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) constructs classifiers using both labelled and unlabelled data. It leverages information from labelled samples, whose acquisition is often costly or labour-intensive, together with unlabelled data to enhance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-29 Jinran Wu , You-Gan Wang , Geoffrey J. McLachlan

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims to improve performance by exploiting unlabeled data when labels are scarce. Conventional SSL studies typically assume close environments where important factors (e.g., label, feature, distribution)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Lan-Zhe Guo , Lin-Han Jia , Jie-Jing Shao , Yu-Feng Li

While the success of semi-supervised learning (SSL) is still not fully understood, Sch\"olkopf et al. (2012) have established a link to the principle of independent causal mechanisms. They conclude that SSL should be impossible when…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-25 Julius von Kügelgen , Alexander Mey , Marco Loog , Bernhard Schölkopf

Inspired by the feedforward multilayer perceptron (FF-MLP), decision tree (DT) and extreme learning machine (ELM), a new classification model, called the subspace learning machine (SLM), is proposed in this work. SLM first identifies a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Hongyu Fu , Yijing Yang , Vinod K. Mishra , C. -C. Jay Kuo