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While hierarchical variational autoencoders (VAEs) have achieved great density estimation on image modeling tasks, samples from their prior tend to look less convincing than models with similar log-likelihood. We attribute this to learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Eric Luhman , Troy Luhman

We consider the problem of learning Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), i.e., a type of deep generative model, from data with missing values. Such data is omnipresent in real-world applications of machine learning because complete data is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Timur Sudak , Sebastian Tschiatschek

The variational autoencoder (VAE) imposes a probabilistic distribution (typically Gaussian) on the latent space and penalizes the Kullback--Leibler (KL) divergence between the posterior and prior. In NLP, VAEs are extremely difficult to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Hareesh Bahuleyan , Lili Mou , Hao Zhou , Olga Vechtomova

Variational Auto-Encoders (VAEs) are capable of learning latent representations for high dimensional data. However, due to the i.i.d. assumption, VAEs only optimize the singleton variational distributions and fail to account for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Da Tang , Dawen Liang , Tony Jebara , Nicholas Ruozzi

We present a novel method for constructing Variational Autoencoder (VAE). Instead of using pixel-by-pixel loss, we enforce deep feature consistency between the input and the output of a VAE, which ensures the VAE's output to preserve the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Xianxu Hou , Linlin Shen , Ke Sun , Guoping Qiu

A hallmark of variational autoencoders (VAEs) for text processing is their combination of powerful encoder-decoder models, such as LSTMs, with simple latent distributions, typically multivariate Gaussians. These models pose a difficult…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Jiacheng Xu , Greg Durrett

The variational autoencoder (VAE) can learn the manifold of natural images on certain datasets, as evidenced by meaningful interpolating or extrapolating in the continuous latent space. However, on discrete data such as text, it is unclear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Peng Xu , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung , Yanshuai Cao

The surrogate loss of variational autoencoders (VAEs) poses various challenges to their training, inducing the imbalance between task fitting and representation inference. To avert this, the existing strategies for VAEs focus on adjusting…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zhangkai Wu , Longbing Cao , Lei Qi

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have played a key role in scaling up diffusion-based generative models, as in Stable Diffusion, yet questions regarding their robustness remain largely underexplored. Although adversarial training has been an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Hyomin Lee , Minseon Kim , Sangwon Jang , Jongheon Jeong , Sung Ju Hwang

One noted issue of vector-quantized variational autoencoder (VQ-VAE) is that the learned discrete representation uses only a fraction of the full capacity of the codebook, also known as codebook collapse. We hypothesize that the training…

Deterministic Rank Reduction Autoencoders (RRAEs) enforce by construction a regularization on the latent space by applying a truncated SVD. While this regularization makes Autoencoders more powerful, using them for generative purposes is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jad Mounayer , Alicia Tierz , Jerome Tomezyk , Chady Ghnatios , Francisco Chinesta

Variational autoencoders (VAE) represent a popular, flexible form of deep generative model that can be stochastically fit to samples from a given random process using an information-theoretic variational bound on the true underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Bin Dai , Yu Wang , John Aston , Gang Hua , David Wipf

In this paper we demonstrate methods for reliable and efficient training of discrete representation using Vector-Quantized Variational Auto-Encoder models (VQ-VAEs). Discrete latent variable models have been shown to learn nontrivial…

Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE) has been widely applied as a fundamental generative model in machine learning. For complex samples like imagery objects or scenes, however, VAE suffers from the dimensional dilemma between reconstruction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Deli Zhao , Jiapeng Zhu , Bo Zhang

Posterior collapse plagues VAEs for text, especially for conditional text generation with strong autoregressive decoders. In this work, we address this problem in variational neural machine translation by explicitly promoting mutual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Arya D. McCarthy , Xian Li , Jiatao Gu , Ning Dong

The variational auto-encoder (VAE) is a popular method for learning a generative model and embeddings of the data. Many real datasets are hierarchically structured. However, traditional VAEs map data in a Euclidean latent space which cannot…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-27 Emile Mathieu , Charline Le Lan , Chris J. Maddison , Ryota Tomioka , Yee Whye Teh

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are powerful generative models capable of learning compact latent representations. However, conventional VAEs often generate relatively blurry images due to their assumption of an isotropic Gaussian latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Andrew Kiruluta

This paper reviews the novel concept of controllable variational autoencoder (ControlVAE), discusses its parameter tuning to meet application needs, derives its key analytic properties, and offers useful extensions and applications.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Huajie Shao , Zhisheng Xiao , Shuochao Yao , Aston Zhang , Shengzhong Liu , Tarek Abdelzaher

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are one class of generative probabilistic latent-variable models designed for inference based on known data. They balance reconstruction and regularizer terms. A variational approximation produces an evidence…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-13 Robert I. Cukier

Variational language models seek to estimate the posterior of latent variables with an approximated variational posterior. The model often assumes the variational posterior to be factorized even when the true posterior is not. The learned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Prince Zizhuang Wang , William Yang Wang