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The phenomenon of spontaneous synchronization is universal and only recently advances have been made in the quantum domain. Being synchronization a kind of temporal correlation among systems, it is interesting to understand its connection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-13 Fernando Galve , Gian Luca Giorgi , Roberta Zambrini

We survey the role of stable clocks in general relativity. Clock comparisons have provided important tests of the Einstein Equivalence Principle, which underlies metric gravity. These include tests of the isotropy of clock comparisons…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Clifford M. Will

Space-borne gravitational wave detection will open the observation window in the 0.1 mHz$-$1 Hz bandwidth, playing a crucial role in the development of cosmology and physics. Precise clock synchronization among satellites is essential for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-04 Ming-Yang Xua , Yu-Jie Tan , Ning Ma , Ao-Ting Fang , Yi-Jun Xia , Cheng-Gang Shao

This paper examines synchronization of computer clocks connected via a data network and proposes a skewless algorithm to synchronize them. Unlike existing solutions, which either estimate and compensate the frequency difference (skew) among…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-08-21 Enrique Mallada , Xiaoqiao Meng , Michel Hack , Li Zhang , Ao Tang

We present a general relativistic model of a spherical shell of matter with a perfect fluid on its surface coupled to an internal oscillator, which generalizes a model recently introduced by the authors to construct a self-gravitating…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-10-16 Cisco Gooding , William G. Unruh

A recent Letter by Wadhia et al. reports a realization of a quantum clock using a double quantum dot (DQD) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 200407 (2005)]. This Comment identifies two fundamental issues: (I) the claimed ``quantum clock" exhibits only…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Longyan Gong

General relativity predicts that clocks run more slowly near massive objects. The effect is small---a clock at sea level lags behind one 1000 m above sea level by only 9.4 ns/day. Here, we demonstrate that a measurement of this effect can…

Space and time are crucial twins in physics. In quantum mechanics, spatial correlations already reveal nonclassical features, such as entanglement, and have bred many quantum technologies. However, the nature of quantum temporal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-01 Hai Wang , Ray-Kuang Lee , Manish Kumar Shukla , Indranil Chakrabarty , Shaoming Fei , Junde Wu

The paper is intended to clarify operational meaning of mass and time quantities as main characteristics of an atomic clock, which is considered a quantum oscillator in association with the de Broglie wave concept. The specification of the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Anatoli Vankov

There are strong reasons to believe that global symmetries of quantum theories cannot be exact in the presence of gravity. While this has been argued at the qualitative level, establishing a quantitative statement is more challenging. In…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-29 Sylvain Fichet , Prashant Saraswat

We present a multi-party quantum clock synchronization protocol that utilizes shared prior entanglement and broadcast of classical information to synchronize spatially separated clocks. Notably, it is necessary only for any one party to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Marko Krco , Prabasaj Paul

The appearance of Hamiltonian constraint in the canonical formalism for general relativity reflects the lack of a fixed external time. The dynamics of general relativistic systems can be expressed with respect to an arbitrarily chosen…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-09-21 Przemyslaw Malkiewicz

Uncertainty relations play a crucial role in quantum mechanics. Well-defined methods exist for the derivation of such uncertainties for pairs of observables. Other approaches also allow the formulation of time-energy uncertainty relations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-12 Ismael L. Paiva , Augusto C. Lobo , Eliahu Cohen

We explore the consequences of requiring that quantum theories of gravity be unitary, mostly focusing on simple cosmological models to illustrate the main points. We show that unitarity for a clock that encounters a classical singularity at…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-30 Steffen Gielen , Lucía Menéndez-Pidal

Synchronizing clocks to measure time is a fundamental process underpinning every practical communication task from GPS to parallel computation. However, as the current protocols are based on classical communication between the sender and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Shubhayan Sarkar

In this paper I discuss the concept of time in physics. I consider the thermal time hypothesis and I claim that thermal clocks and atomic clocks measure different physical times, whereby thermal time and relativistic time are not compatible…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-07-24 Claudio Borghi

The successful miniaturization of extremely accurate atomic clocks invites prospects for satellite missions to perform precise timing experiments. This will allow effects predicted by general relativity to be detected in Earth's…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-04-07 Raymond Angélil , Prasenjit Saha , Ruxandra Bondarescu , Philippe Jetzer , Andreas Schärer , Andrew Lundgren

Precise and autonomous clocks are of fundamental interest and central importance to both foundational studies and practical applications. Here, we construct a blueprint for a quantum clock governed by time-independent interactions. By…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Chad Nelmes , Emanuel Schwarzhans , Tony Apollaro , Timothy Spiller , Irene D'Amico

A method is proposed to employ entangled and squeezed light for determining the position of a party and for synchronizing distant clocks. An accuracy gain over analogous protocols that employ classical resources is demonstrated and a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Vittorio Giovannetti , Seth Lloyd , Lorenzo Maccone

A number of approaches to the problem of defining arrival and dwell time probabilities in quantum theory make use of idealised models of clocks. An interesting question is the extent to which the probabilities obtained in this way are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 J. M. Yearsley , D. A. Downs , J. J. Halliwell , A. K. Hashagen
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