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Autonomous mobile robots operating in novel environments depend critically on accurate state estimation, often utilizing visual and inertial measurements. Recent work has shown that an invariant formulation of the extended Kalman filter…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Abdullah Altawaitan , Jason Stanley , Sambaran Ghosal , Thai Duong , Nikolay Atanasov

Existing state estimation algorithms for legged robots that rely on proprioceptive sensors often overlook foot slippage and leg deformation in the physical world, leading to large estimation errors. To address this limitation, we propose a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Tianyi Zhang , Wenhan Cao , Chang Liu , Tao Zhang , Jiangtao Li , Shengbo Eben Li

In this paper, we present a novel factor graph formulation to estimate the pose and velocity of a quadruped robot on slippery and deformable terrain. The factor graph introduces a preintegrated velocity factor that incorporates velocity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-22 David Wisth , Marco Camurri , Maurice Fallon

Fast pose estimation (PE) is of vital importance for successful mission performance of agile autonomous robots. Global Positioning Systems such as GPS and GNSS have been typically used in fusion with Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) for…

Legged robots require knowledge of pose and velocity in order to maintain stability and execute walking paths. Current solutions either rely on vision data, which is susceptible to environmental and lighting conditions, or fusion of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Ross Hartley , Maani Ghaffari , Ryan M. Eustice , Jessy W. Grizzle

This paper presents a fast lidar-inertial odometry (LIO) that is robust to aggressive motion. To achieve robust tracking in aggressive motion scenes, we exploit the continuous scanning property of lidar to adaptively divide the full scan…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Jun Liu , Yunzhou Zhang , Xiaoyu Zhao , Zhengnan He

Locomotion over soft terrain remains a challenging problem for legged robots. Most of the work done on state estimation for legged robots is designed for rigid contacts, and does not take into account the physical parameters of the terrain.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Shamel Fahmi , Geoff Fink , Claudio Semini

We present visual inertial lidar legged navigation system (VILENS), an odometry system for legged robots based on factor graphs. The key novelty is the tight fusion of four different sensor modalities to achieve reliable operation when the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-08 David Wisth , Marco Camurri , Maurice Fallon

Autonomous exploration of unknown environments with aerial vehicles remains a challenge, especially in perceptually degraded conditions. Dust, fog, or a lack of visual or LiDAR-based features results in severe difficulties for state…

This paper introduces the Terrain Recognition And Contact Force Estimation Paw, a compact and sensorized shoe designed for legged robots. The paw end-effector is made of silicon that deforms upon the application of contact forces, while an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Aleksander Vangen , Tejal Barnwal , Jørgen Anker Olsen , Kostas Alexis

Proprioceptive-only state estimation is attractive for legged robots since it is computationally cheaper and is unaffected by perceptually degraded conditions. The history of joint-level measurements contains rich information that can be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Abhijeet M. Kulkarni , Ioannis Poulakakis , Guoquan Huang

In this letter, we present tightly coupled LiDAR-IMU-leg odometry, which is robust to challenging conditions such as featureless environments and deformable terrains. We developed an online learning-based leg kinematics model named the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Taku Okawara , Kenji Koide , Aoki Takanose , Shuji Oishi , Masashi Yokozuka , Kentaro Uno , Kazuya Yoshida

State of the art legged robots are either capable of measuring torque at the output of their drive systems, or have transparent drive systems which enable the computation of joint torques from motor currents. In either case, this sensor…

This paper introduces a new invariant extended Kalman filter design that produces real-time state estimates and rapid error convergence for the estimation of the human body movement even in the presence of sensor misalignment and initial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Zenan Zhu , Seyed Mostafa Rezayat Sorkhabadi , Yan Gu , Wenlong Zhang

The visual SLAM method is widely used for self-localization and mapping in complex environments. Visual-inertia SLAM, which combines a camera with IMU, can significantly improve the robustness and enable scale weak-visibility, whereas…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Peng Gang , Lu Zezao , Chen Bocheng , Chen Shanliang , He Dingxin

LiDAR-inertial odometry (LIO), which fuses complementary information of a LiDAR and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), is an attractive solution for state estimation. In LIO, both pose and velocity are regarded as state variables that need…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Zikang Yuan , Fengtian Lang , Tianle Xu , Xin Yang

Field robotics in perceptually-challenging environments require fast and accurate state estimation, but modern LiDAR sensors quickly overwhelm current odometry algorithms. To this end, this paper presents a lightweight frontend LiDAR…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Kenny Chen , Brett T. Lopez , Ali-akbar Agha-mohammadi , Ankur Mehta

For robots with low rigidity, determining the robot's state based solely on kinematics is challenging. This is particularly crucial for a robot whose entire body is in contact with the environment, as accurate state estimation is essential…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Kengo Iwao , Hikaru Arita , Kenji Tahara

In this paper we present a consistent and distributed state estimator for multi-robot cooperative localization (CL) which efficiently fuses environmental features and loop-closure constraints across time and robots. In particular, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Pengxiang Zhu , Patrick Geneva , Wei Ren , Guoquan Huang

This paper introduces an innovative state estimator, MUSE (MUlti-sensor State Estimator), designed to enhance state estimation's accuracy and real-time performance in quadruped robot navigation. The proposed state estimator builds upon our…