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For a graph $G$, $k(G)$ denotes its connectivity. A graph is super connected if every minimum vertex-cut isolates a vertex. Also $k_{1}$-connectivity of a connected graph is the minimum number of vertices whose deletion gives a disconnected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-11 Khalid Kamyab , Mohsen Ghasemi , Rezvan Varmazyar

A graph $G$ is a non-separating planar graph if there is a drawing $D$ of $G$ on the plane such that (1) no two edges cross each other in $D$ and (2) for any cycle $C$ in $D$, any two vertices not in $C$ are on the same side of $C$ in $D$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-24 Hooman R. Dehkordi , Graham Farr

Let $G$ be a graph that is topologically embedded in the plane and let $\mathcal{A}$ be an arrangement of pseudolines intersecting the drawing of $G$. An aligned drawing of $G$ and $\mathcal{A}$ is a planar polyline drawing $\Gamma$ of $G$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-10-24 Tamara Mchedlidze , Marcel Radermacher , Ignaz Rutter

Motivated by applications in graph drawing and information visualization, we examine the planar split thickness of a graph, that is, the smallest $k$ such that the graph is $k$-splittable into a planar graph. A $k$-split operation…

In octilinear drawings of planar graphs, every edge is drawn as an alternating sequence of horizontal, vertical and diagonal ($45^\circ$) line-segments. In this paper, we study octilinear drawings of low edge complexity, i.e., with few…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-08-27 Michael A. Bekos , Martin Gronemann , Michael Kaufmann , Robert Krug

A planar graph $G$ is said to be non-separating if there exists an embedding of $G$ in $\mathbb{R}^2$ such that for any cycle $\mathcal{C}\subset G$, all vertices of $G\setminus \mathcal{C}$ are within the same connected component of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-27 Andrei Pavelescu , Elena Pavelescu

We show that if $G$ is a simple triangle-free graph with $n\geq 3$ vertices, without a perfect matching, and having a minimum degree at least $\frac{n-1}{2}$, then $G$ is isomorphic either to $C_5$ or to $K_{\frac{n-1}{2},\frac{n+1}{2}}$.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Vahan V. Mkrtchyan , Petros A. Petrosyan

A graph is IC-planar if it admits a drawing in the plane with at most one crossing per edge and such that two pairs of crossing edges share no common end vertex. IC-planarity specializes both NIC-planarity, which allows a pair of crossing…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-07-28 Christian Bachmaier , Franz J. Brandenburg , Kathrin Hanauer

A k-connected graph such that deleting any edge / deleting any vertex / contracting any edge results in a graph which is not k-connected is called minimally / critically / contraction-critically k-connected. These three classes play a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-01-13 Matthias Kriesell

For every integer $\ell$, we construct a cubic 3-vertex-connected planar bipartite graph $G$ with $O(\ell^3)$ vertices such that there is no planar straight-line drawing of $G$ whose vertices all lie on $\ell$ lines. This strengthens…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-12-23 David Eppstein

We investigate several properties of Kronecker (direct, tensor) products of graphs that are planar and $3$-connected (polyhedral, $3$-polytopal). This class of graphs was recently characterised and constructed by the second author [15]. Our…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-21 Ruben De March , Riccardo W. Maffucci

A k-tree is either a complete graph on (k+1) vertices or given a k-tree G' with n vertices, a k-tree G with (n+1) vertices can be constructed by introducing a new vertex v and picking a k-clique Q in G' and then joining each vertex u in Q.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-03-25 Suresh Badarla , R Rama

The $2$-layer drawing model is a well-established paradigm to visualize bipartite graphs. Several beyond-planar graph classes have been studied under this model. Surprisingly, however, the fundamental class of $k$-planar graphs has been…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Patrizio Angelini , Giordano Da Lozzo , Henry Förster , Thomas Schneck

The vertex connectivity of a graph $G$ is the size of the smallest set of vertices $S$ such that $G \setminus S$ is disconnected. For the class of planar graphs, the problem of vertex connectivity is well-studied, both from structural and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Therese Biedl , Karthik Murali

Let $G$ be a group and $Sol(G)=\{x \in G : \langle x,y \rangle \text{ is solvable for all } y \in G\}$. We associate a graph $\mathcal{NS}_G$ (called the non-solvable graph of $G$) with $G$ whose vertex set is $G \setminus Sol(G)$ and two…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-27 Parthajit Bhowal , Deiborlang Nongsiang , Rajat Kanti Nath

The prism over a graph $G$ is the Cartesian product of $G$ with the complete graph $K_2$. A graph $G$ is hamiltonian if there exists a spanning cycle in $G$, and $G$ is prism-hamiltonian if the prism over $G$ is hamiltonian. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-18 Simon Spacapan

A graph is 1-planar if it can be drawn on the plane so that each edge is crossed by at most one other edge. In this note we give examples of class two 1-planar graphs with maximum degree six or seven.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-04-26 Xin Zhang

We give formulae for the first homology of the $n$-braid group and the pure 2-braid group over a finite graph in terms of graph theoretic invariants. As immediate consequences, a graph is planar if and only if the first homology of the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Ki Hyoung Ko , Hyo Won Park

The existence of a connected 12-regular $\{K_4,K_{2,2,2}\}$-ultrahomogeneous graph $G$ is established, (i.e. each isomorphism between two copies of $K_4$ or $K_{2,2,2}$ in $G$ extends to an automorphism of $G$), with the 42 ordered lines of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-03-29 Italo J. Dejter

An edge of a quasi $k$-connected graph is said to be quasi $k$-contractible if the contraction of the edge results in a quasi $k$-connected graph. We show that every 5-connected graph contains a quasi 5-contractible edge. Furthermore, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-01 Shuai Kou , Chengfu Qin , Weihua Yang , Mingzu Zhang , Shuang Zhao