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The ground-based EAS array is usually operated with a high duty cycle (> 90%) and a large field of view (~2 sr), which can continuously monitor the sky. It is essential and irreplaceable to understand the gamma-ray emission mechanism and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-05-20 SongZhan CHEN

In this paper we discuss the calibration of the NEVOD-EAS array which is a part of the Experimental Complex NEVOD, as well as the results of studying the response features of its scintillation detectors. We present the results of the…

The distribution of the arrival zenith angle of the Extensive Air Showers (EAS) with a wide range of a total number of charged particles is studied using the experimental data obtained using the EAS 4-detector array 'TSU' in Tbilisi. The…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-04-16 Yu. G. Verbetsky , M. S. Svanidze , A. Iashvili , I. Iashvili , L. Kakabadze

Horizon-T is an innovative detector system constructed to study Extensive Air Showers (EAS) in the energy range above 10^16 eV coming from a wide range of zenith angles (0 - 85 degrees). The system is located at Tien Shan high-altitude…

Pachmarhi Array of \v{C}erenkov Telescopes(PACT), consisting of a distributed array of 25 telescopes is used to sample the atmospheric \v{C}erenkov Photon showers. The shower front is fitted to a plane and the direction of arrival of…

Very inclined extensive air showers (EAS), with both down-going and up-going trajectories, are particularly targeted by the next generation of extended radio arrays, such as GRAND. Methods to reconstruct the incoming direction, core…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-21 Valentin Decoene , Olivier Martineau-Huynh , Matìas Tueros , Simon Chiche

The dependence of the number of extensive air showers (EAS) on the zenith angle is obtained in groups with a constant solid-angle step with different election types at separations between stations of 500 and 1000 m by using the Yakutsk EAS…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. S. Nikiforova

With the Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we have observed the radio emission from 561 extensive air showers with zenith angles between 60$^\circ$ and 84$^\circ$. In contrast to air showers with more…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-25 The Pierre Auger Collaboration , A. Aab , P. Abreu , M. Aglietta , I. F. M. Albuquerque , J. M. Albury , I. Allekotte , A. Almela , J. Alvarez Castillo , J. Alvarez-Muñiz , G. A. Anastasi , L. Anchordoqui , B. Andrada , S. Andringa , C. Aramo , N. Arsene , H. Asorey , P. Assis , G. Avila , A. M. Badescu , A. Balaceanu , F. Barbato , R. J. Barreira Luz , S. Baur , K. H. Becker , J. A. Bellido , C. Berat , M. E. Bertaina , X. Bertou , P. L. Biermann , J. Biteau , S. G. Blaess , A. Blanco , J. Blazek , C. Bleve , M. Boháčová , C. Bonifazi , N. Borodai , A. M. Botti , J. Brack , T. Bretz , A. Bridgeman , F. L. Briechle , P. Buchholz , A. Bueno , S. Buitink , M. Buscemi , K. S. Caballero-Mora , L. Caccianiga , L. Calcagni , A. Cancio , F. Canfora , J. M. Carceller , R. Caruso , A. Castellina , F. Catalani , G. Cataldi , L. Cazon , J. A. Chinellato , J. Chudoba , L. Chytka , R. W. Clay , A. C. Cobos Cerutti , R. Colalillo , A. Coleman , L. Collica , M. R. Coluccia , R. Conceição , G. Consolati , F. Contreras , M. J. Cooper , S. Coutu , C. E. Covault , S. D'Amico , B. Daniel , S. Dasso , K. Daumiller , B. R. Dawson , J. A. Day , R. M. de Almeida , S. J. de Jong , G. De Mauro , J. R. T. de Mello Neto , I. De Mitri , J. de Oliveira , V. de Souza , J. Debatin , O. Deligny , N. Dhital , M. L. Díaz Castro , F. Diogo , C. Dobrigkeit , J. C. D'Olivo , Q. Dorosti , R. C. dos Anjos , M. T. Dova , A. Dundovic , J. Ebr , R. Engel , M. Erdmann , C. O. Escobar , A. Etchegoyen , H. Falcke , J. Farmer , G. Farrar , A. C. Fauth , N. Fazzini , F. Feldbusch , F. Fenu , L. P. Ferreyro , B. Fick , J. M. Figueira , A. Filipčič , M. M. Freire , T. Fujii , A. Fuster , R. Gaïor , B. García , H. Gemmeke , A. Gherghel-Lascu , P. L. Ghia , U. Giaccari , M. Giammarchi , M. Giller , D. Głas , C. Glaser , J. Glombitza , G. Golup , M. Gómez Berisso , P. F. Gómez Vitale , N. González , I. Goos , D. Góra , A. Gorgi , M. Gottowik , T. D. Grubb , F. Guarino , G. P. Guedes , E. Guido , R. Halliday , M. R. Hampel , P. Hansen , D. Harari , T. A. Harrison , V. M. Harvey , A. Haungs , T. Hebbeker , D. Heck , P. Heimann , G. C. Hill , C. Hojvat , E. M. Holt , P. Homola , J. R. Hörandel , P. Horvath , M. Hrabovský , T. Huege , J. Hulsman , A. Insolia , P. G. Isar , I. Jandt , J. A. Johnsen , M. Josebachuili , J. Jurysek , A. Kääpä , O. Kambeitz , K. H. Kampert , B. Keilhauer , N. Kemmerich , J. Kemp , H. O. Klages , M. Kleifges , J. Kleinfeller , R. Krause , D. Kuempel , G. Kukec Mezek , N. Kunka , A. Kuotb Awad , B. L. Lago , D. LaHurd , R. G. Lang , R. Legumina , M. A. Leigui de Oliveira , V. Lenok , A. Letessier-Selvon , I. Lhenry-Yvon , D. Lo Presti , L. Lopes , R. López , A. López Casado , R. Lorek , Q. Luce , A. Lucero , M. Malacari , M. Mallamaci , D. Mandat , P. Mantsch , A. G. Mariazzi , I. C. Mariş , G. Marsella , D. Martello , H. Martinez , O. Martínez Bravo , H. J. Mathes , S. Mathys , J. Matthews , G. Matthiae , E. Mayotte , P. O. Mazur , C. Medina , G. Medina-Tanco , D. Melo , A. Menshikov , K. -D. Merenda , S. Michal , M. I. Micheletti , L. Middendorf , L. Miramonti , B. Mitrica , D. Mockler , S. Mollerach , F. Montanet , C. Morello , G. Morlino , M. Mostafá , A. L. Müller , M. A. Muller , S. Müller , R. Mussa , L. Nellen , P. H. Nguyen , M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu , M. Niechciol , L. Niemietz , D. Nitz , D. Nosek , V. Novotny , L. Nožka , A Nucita , L. A. Núñez , F. Oikonomou , A. Olinto , M. Palatka , J. Pallotta , P. Papenbreer , G. Parente , A. Parra , T. Paul , M. Pech , F. Pedreira , J. Pękala , R. Pelayo , J. Peña-Rodriguez , L. A. S. Pereira , M. Perlin , L. Perrone , C. Peters , S. Petrera , J. Phuntsok , T. Pierog , M. Pimenta , V. Pirronello , M. Platino , J. Poh , B. Pont , C. Porowski , R. R. Prado , P. Privitera , M. Prouza , A. Puyleart , E. J. Quel , S. Querchfeld , S. Quinn , R. Ramos-Pollan , J. Rautenberg , D. Ravignani , M. Reininghaus , J. Ridky , F. Riehn , M. Risse , P. Ristori , V. Rizi , W. Rodrigues de Carvalho , G. Rodriguez Fernandez , J. Rodriguez Rojo , M. J. Roncoroni , M. Roth , E. Roulet , A. C. Rovero , P. Ruehl , S. J. Saffi , A. Saftoiu , F. Salamida , H. Salazar , A. Saleh , G. Salina , F. Sánchez , P. Sanchez-Lucas , E. M. Santos , E. Santos , F. Sarazin , R. Sarmento , C. Sarmiento-Cano , R. Sato , P. Savina , M. Schauer , V. Scherini , H. Schieler , M. Schimassek , M. Schimp , D. Schmidt , O. Scholten , P. Schovánek , F. G. Schröder , S. Schröder , A. Schulz , J. Schumacher , S. J. Sciutto , A. Segreto , R. C. Shellard , G. Sigl , G. Silli , O. Sima , R. Šmída , G. R. Snow , P. Sommers , J. F. Soriano , J. Souchard , R. Squartini , D. Stanca , S. Stanič , J. Stasielak , P. Stassi , M. Stolpovskiy , F. Strafella , A. Streich , F. Suarez , M. Suárez-Durán , T. Sudholz , T. Suomijärvi , A. D. Supanitsky , J. Šupík , J. Swain , Z. Szadkowski , A. Taboada , O. A. Taborda , C. Timmermans , C. J. Todero Peixoto , B. Tomé , G. Torralba Elipe , P. Travnicek , M. Trini , M. Tueros , R. Ulrich , M. Unger , M. Urban , J. F. Valdés Galicia , I. Valiño , L. Valore , P. van Bodegom , A. M. van den Berg , A. van Vliet , E. Varela , B. Vargas Cárdenas , R. A. Vázquez , D. Veberič , C. Ventura , I. D. Vergara Quispe , V. Verzi , J. Vicha , L. Villaseñor , S. Vorobiov , H. Wahlberg , O. Wainberg , D. Walz , A. A. Watson , M. Weber , A. Weindl , M. Wiedeński , L. Wiencke , H. Wilczyński , M. Wirtz , D. Wittkowski , B. Wundheiler , L. Yang , A. Yushkov , E. Zas , D. Zavrtanik , M. Zavrtanik , L. Zehrer , A. Zepeda , B. Zimmermann , M. Ziolkowski , Z. Zong , F. Zuccarello

Purposeful investigation of radiation fluxes strongly delayed in relation to the main particles front of extensive air shower (EAS) was undertaken at the Tien Shan Mountain Cosmic Ray Station. It was found that the passage of the EAS can be…

The GRAPES-3 muon telescope located in Ooty, India records rapid ($\sim$10 min) variations in the muon intensity during major thunderstorms. Out of a total of 184 thunderstorms recorded during the interval April 2011-December 2014, the one…

Data from the Tibet-III air shower array (with energies around 3 TeV) and from the Tibet-II array (with energies around 10 TeV) have been searched for diffuse gamma rays from the Galactic plane. These arrays have an angular resolution of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Amenomori et al.

Measurements at 100 TeV and above are an important goal for the next generation of high energy gamma-ray astronomy experiments to solve the still open problem of the origin of galactic cosmic rays. The most natural experimental solution to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-10-11 G. Di Sciascio , T. Di Girolamo , E. Rossi , L. Saggese

Extensice Air Shower (EAS) arrays are survey instruments able to monitor continuously all the overhead sky. Their wide field of view (about 2 sr) is ideal to complement directional detectors by performing unbiased sky surveys, by monitoring…

Extremely asymmetrical scattering (EAS) is a new type of Bragg scattering in thick, slanted, periodic gratings. It is realised when the scattered wave propagates parallel to the front boundary of the grating. Its most important feature is…

Optics · Physics 2007-05-23 T. A. Nieminen , D. K. Gramotnev

A simple 3D-reconstruction method for gamma-ray induced air showers is presented, which takes full advantage of the assets of a system of Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes combining stereoscopy and fine-grain imaging like the High Energy…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 M. Lemoine-Goumard , B. Degrange , M. Tluczykont

The LOPES experiment was a radio interferometer built at the existing air shower array KASCADE-Grande in Karlsruhe, Germany. The last configuration of LOPES was called LOPES 3D and consisted of ten tripole antennas. Each of these antennas…

Pachmarhi Array of \v{C}erenkov Telescopes (PACT) has been designed to search for celestial TeV $\gamma-$rays using the wavefront sampling technique. PACT, located at Pachmarhi, (latitude 22$^\circ$ 28$^\prime$ N, longitude 76$^\circ$…

This paper analyses theoretically and numerically the effect of varying grating amplitude on the extremely asymmetrical scattering (EAS) of bulk and guided optical modes in non-uniform strip-like periodic Bragg arrays with stepwise and…

Optics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. K. Gramotnev , T. A. Nieminen

The detection of gravitational waves and neutrinos from astrophysical sources with gamma-ray counterparts officially started the era of Multi-Messenger Astronomy. Their transient and extreme nature implies that monitoring the VHE sky is…

The fields of cosmic ray astrophysics, gamma-ray astrophysics, and neutrino astrophysics have diverged somewhat. But for the air showers in the GeV and TeV energy ranges, the ground-based detector techniques have considerable overlaps. VHE…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-04-05 Michael A. DuVernois , Giuseppe Di Sciascio