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Quantization methods have been introduced to perform large scale approximate nearest search tasks. Residual Vector Quantization (RVQ) is one of the effective quantization methods. RVQ uses a multi-stage codebook learning scheme to lower the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-09-18 Shicong Liu , Hongtao Lu , Junru Shao

In theory, vector quantization (VQ) is always better than scalar quantization (SQ) in terms of rate-distortion (R-D) performance. Recent state-of-the-art methods for neural image compression are mainly based on nonlinear transform coding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Runsen Feng , Zongyu Guo , Weiping Li , Zhibo Chen

This paper explores the use of Pyramid Vector Quantization (PVQ) to reduce the computational cost for a variety of neural networks (NNs) while, at the same time, compressing the weights that describe them. This is based on the fact that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-11 Vincenzo Liguori

As the data resources grow, providing recommendations that best meet the demands has become a vital requirement in business and life to overcome the information overload problem. However, building a system suggesting relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Mohammadreza Jamalifard , Javier Andreu-Perez , Hani Hagras , Luis Martínez López

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant challenges in edge deployment due to their massive parameter scale. Vector Quantization (VQ), a clustering-based quantization method, serves as a prevalent solution to this issue for its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Yuxuan Yue , Zukang Xu , Zhihang Yuan , Dawei Yang , Jianlong Wu , Liqiang Nie

Vector quantization is an essential tool for tasks involving large scale data, for example, large scale similarity search, which is crucial for content-based information retrieval and analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel vector…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-09-20 Shicong Liu , Junru Shao , Hongtao Lu

Post-training quantization (PTQ) reduces the memory footprint of LLMs by quantizing weights to low-precision datatypes. Since LLM inference is usually memory-bound, PTQ methods can improve inference throughput. Recent state-of-the-art PTQ…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Albert Tseng , Qingyao Sun , David Hou , Christopher De Sa

Continual learning requires to overcome catastrophic forgetting when training a single model on a sequence of tasks. Recent top-performing approaches are prompt-based methods that utilize a set of learnable parameters (i.e., prompts) to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Li Jiao , Qiuxia Lai , Yu Li , Qiang Xu

Quantization based techniques are the current state-of-the-art for scaling maximum inner product search to massive databases. Traditional approaches to quantization aim to minimize the reconstruction error of the database points. Based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Ruiqi Guo , Philip Sun , Erik Lindgren , Quan Geng , David Simcha , Felix Chern , Sanjiv Kumar

Vectors of data are at the heart of machine learning and data mining. Recently, vector quantization methods have shown great promise in reducing both the time and space costs of operating on vectors. We introduce a vector quantization…

Performance · Computer Science 2017-07-03 Davis W Blalock , John V Guttag

With the development of deep neural networks, the size of network models becomes larger and larger. Model compression has become an urgent need for deploying these network models to mobile or embedded devices. Model quantization is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Wen-Pu Cai , Wu-Jun Li

Recent neural compression methods have been based on the popular hyperprior framework. It relies on Scalar Quantization and offers a very strong compression performance. This contrasts from recent advances in image generation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Alaaeldin El-Nouby , Matthew J. Muckley , Karen Ullrich , Ivan Laptev , Jakob Verbeek , Hervé Jégou

Neural networks (NNs) are currently changing the computational paradigm on how to combine data with mathematical laws in physics and engineering in a profound way, tackling challenging inverse and ill-posed problems not solvable with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Apostolos F Psaros , Xuhui Meng , Zongren Zou , Ling Guo , George Em Karniadakis

Vector-quantized networks (VQNs) have exhibited remarkable performance across various tasks, yet they are prone to training instability, which complicates the training process due to the necessity for techniques such as subtle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Borui Zhang , Wenzhao Zheng , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) offer the most promising path to obtaining quantum advantages via noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors. Such systems leverage classical optimization to tune the parameters of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-26 Sharu Theresa Jose , Osvaldo Simeone

The nonuniform quantization strategy for compressing neural networks usually achieves better performance than its counterpart, i.e., uniform strategy, due to its superior representational capacity. However, many nonuniform quantization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Zechun Liu , Kwang-Ting Cheng , Dong Huang , Eric Xing , Zhiqiang Shen

Question-answering (QA) is an important application of Information Retrieval (IR) and language models, and the latest trend is toward pre-trained large neural networks with embedding parameters. Augmenting QA performances with these LLMs…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Lixiao Yang , Mengyang Xu , Weimao Ke

Product Quantization (PQ) construction is deeply integrated into vector index construction for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS). The rapid growth in vector dimensionality and volume has significantly increased the computational…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Y. T. Ma , K. C. Huang , X. K. Jiang , M. L. Wang , X. Yao , R. H. Chen , G. Zhang , Z. L. Shao

Network quantification (NQ) is the problem of estimating the proportions of nodes belonging to each class in subsets of unlabelled graph nodes. When prior probability shift is at play, this task cannot be effectively addressed by first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Alessio Micheli , Alejandro Moreo , Marco Podda , Fabrizio Sebastiani , William Simoni , Domenico Tortorella

Vector quantization (VQ) is a key technique in high-resolution and high-fidelity image synthesis, which aims to learn a codebook to encode an image with a sequence of discrete codes and then generate an image in an auto-regression manner.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Guotao Liang , Baoquan Zhang , Yaowei Wang , Xutao Li , Yunming Ye , Huaibin Wang , Chuyao Luo , Kola Ye , linfeng Luo