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Formal verification has emerged as a powerful approach to ensure the safety and reliability of deep neural networks. However, current verification tools are limited to only a handful of properties that can be expressed as first-order…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Xuan Xie , Kristian Kersting , Daniel Neider

Neural networks have received a lot of attention recently, and related security issues have come with it. Many studies have shown that neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples that have been artificially perturbed with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Shi Pu , Fu Song , Wenjie Wang

Probabilistic password strength meters have been proved to be the most accurate tools to measure password strength. Unfortunately, by construction, they are limited to solely produce an opaque security estimation that fails to fully support…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Dario Pasquini , Giuseppe Ateniese , Massimo Bernaschi

Due to major breakthroughs in software and engineering technologies, embedded systems are increasingly being utilized in areas ranging from aerospace and next-generation transportation systems, to smart grid and smart cities, to health care…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Adnan Rashid , Umair Siddique , Sofiene Tahar

While cryptographic algorithms such as the ubiquitous Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) are secure, *physical implementations* of these algorithms in hardware inevitably 'leak' sensitive data such as cryptographic keys. A particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Jimmy Gammell , Anand Raghunathan , Abolfazl Hashemi , Kaushik Roy

The growing complexity of modern Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and the frequent communication between their components make them vulnerable to malicious attacks. As a result, secure state estimation is a critical requirement for the control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-09 Xusheng Luo , Miroslav Pajic , Michael M. Zavlanos

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are complex systems that require powerful models for tasks like verification, diagnosis, or debugging. Often, suitable models are not available and manual extraction is difficult. Data-driven approaches then…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Swantje Plambeck , Ali Salamati , Eyke Huellermeier , Goerschwin Fey

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) claim to present many advantages in terms of biological plausibility and energy efficiency compared to standard Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Recent works have shown that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Alberto Marchisio , Giorgio Nanfa , Faiq Khalid , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Maurizio Martina , Muhammad Shafique

Neural networks have become pervasive across various applications, including security-related products. However, their widespread adoption has heightened concerns regarding vulnerability to adversarial attacks. With emerging regulations and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Disesdi Susanna Cox , Niklas Bunzel

Data-driven techniques are used in cyber-physical systems (CPS) for controlling autonomous vehicles, handling demand responses for energy management, and modeling human physiology for medical devices. These data-driven techniques extract…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-16 Sangdon Park , James Weimer , Insup Lee

Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are characterized by their ability to integrate the physical and information or cyber worlds. Their deployment in critical infrastructure have demonstrated a potential to transform the world. However, harnessing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Felix Olowononi , Danda B. Rawat , Chunmei Liu

While neural networks have achieved high accuracy on standard image classification benchmarks, their accuracy drops to nearly zero in the presence of small adversarial perturbations to test inputs. Defenses based on regularization and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Aditi Raghunathan , Jacob Steinhardt , Percy Liang

Generating secure random numbers is a central problem in cryptography that needs a reliable source of enough computing entropy. Without enough entropy available - meaning no good source of secure random numbers - a device is susceptible to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-02 JV Roig

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) have been pervasive including smart grid, autonomous automobile systems, medical monitoring, process control systems, robotics systems, and automatic pilot avionics. As usually implemented on embedded devices,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Xiaowei Xu

The growing use of deep neural networks in safety-critical applications makes it necessary to carry out adequate testing to detect and correct any incorrect behavior for corner case inputs before they can be actually used. Deep neural…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Jasmine Sekhon , Cody Fleming

Deep neural networks are known to be fragile to small adversarial perturbations. This issue becomes more critical when a neural network is interconnected with a physical system in a closed loop. In this paper, we show how to combine recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Yuh-Shyang Wang , Tsui-Wei Weng , Luca Daniel

Industrial cyber-physical systems (ICPSs) manage critical infrastructures by controlling the processes based on the "physics" data gathered by edge sensor networks. Recent innovations in ubiquitous computing and communication technologies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Hakan Kayan , Matthew Nunes , Omer Rana , Pete Burnap , Charith Perera

Cybersecurity is a very emerging field that protects systems, networks, and data from digital attacks. With the increase in the scale of the Internet and the evolution of cyber attacks, developing novel cybersecurity tools has become…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Prajoy Podder , Subrato Bharati , M. Rubaiyat Hossain Mondal , Pinto Kumar Paul , Utku Kose

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have a wide range of applications, and software employing them must be thoroughly tested, especially in safety-critical domains. However, traditional software test coverage metrics cannot be applied directly to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Youcheng Sun , Xiaowei Huang , Daniel Kroening , James Sharp , Matthew Hill , Rob Ashmore

Every commercially available, state-of-the-art neural network consume plain input data, which is a well-known privacy concern. We propose a new architecture based on homomorphic encryption, which allows the neural network to operate on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Marcos Florencio , Luiz Alencar , Bianca Lima