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Natural language understanding (NLU) and natural language generation (NLG) are both critical research topics in the NLP field. Natural language understanding is to extract the core semantic meaning from the given utterances, while natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Shang-Yu Su , Chao-Wei Huang , Yun-Nung Chen

This work aims to employ natural language generation (NLG) to rapidly generate items for English language learning applications: this requires both language models capable of generating fluent, high-quality English, and to control the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Kevin Stowe , Debanjan Ghosh , Mengxuan Zhao

Deep neural networks (DNN) are quickly becoming the de facto standard modeling method for many natural language generation (NLG) tasks. In order for such models to truly be useful, they must be capable of correctly generating utterances for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Chris Kedzie , Kathleen McKeown

Neural generation methods for task-oriented dialogue typically generate from a meaning representation that is populated using a database of domain information, such as a table of data describing a restaurant. While earlier work focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Vrindavan Harrison , Lena Reed , Shereen Oraby , Marilyn Walker

Natural language generation (NLG) systems are computer software systems that produce texts in English and other human languages, often from non-linguistic input data. NLG systems, like most AI systems, need substantial amounts of knowledge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2011-06-28 E. Reiter , R. Robertson , S. G. Sripada

We present a recurrent neural network based system for automatic quality estimation of natural language generation (NLG) outputs, which jointly learns to assign numerical ratings to individual outputs and to provide pairwise rankings of two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-11 Ondřej Dušek , Karin Sevegnani , Ioannis Konstas , Verena Rieser

The rapid development and application of natural language generation (NLG) techniques has revolutionized the field of automatic text production. However, these techniques are still limited in their ability to produce human-like text that is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Jiangjie Chen , Yanghua Xiao

Natural Language Generation (NLG) for task-oriented dialogue systems focuses on communicating specific content accurately, fluently, and coherently. While these attributes are crucial for a successful dialogue, it is also desirable to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Alicia Y. Tsai , Shereen Oraby , Vittorio Perera , Jiun-Yu Kao , Yuheng Du , Anjali Narayan-Chen , Tagyoung Chung , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been observed to process non-human-readable text sequences, such as jailbreak prompts, often viewed as a bug for aligned LLMs. In this work, we present a systematic investigation challenging this…

Neural language models are usually trained to match the distributional properties of a large-scale corpus by minimizing the log loss. While straightforward to optimize, this approach forces the model to reproduce all variations in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Daniel Kang , Tatsunori Hashimoto

Despite impressive advances in Natural Language Generation (NLG) and Large Language Models (LLMs), researchers are still unclear about important aspects of NLG evaluation. To substantiate this claim, I examine current classifications of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Kees van Deemter

Neural text generation (data- or text-to-text) demonstrates remarkable performance when training data is abundant which for many applications is not the case. To collect a large corpus of parallel data, heuristic rules are often used but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Katja Filippova

A central question in natural language understanding (NLU) research is whether high performance demonstrates the models' strong reasoning capabilities. We present an extensive series of controlled experiments where pre-trained language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Aarne Talman , Marianna Apidianaki , Stergios Chatzikyriakidis , Jörg Tiedemann

Web-scale pre-training datasets are the cornerstone of LLMs' success. However, text data curated from the Internet inevitably contains random noise caused by decoding errors or unregulated web content. In contrast to previous works that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jinghan Ru , Yuxin Xie , Xianwei Zhuang , Yuguo Yin , Zhihui Guo , Zhiming Liu , Qianli Ren , Yuexian Zou

In recent years, considerable research has been dedicated to the application of neural models in the field of natural language generation (NLG). The primary objective is to generate text that is both linguistically natural and human-like,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Chen Tang , Frank Guerin , Chenghua Lin

Neural natural language generation (NNLG) from structured meaning representations has become increasingly popular in recent years. While we have seen progress with generating syntactically correct utterances that preserve semantics, various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Shereen Oraby , Vrindavan Harrison , Abteen Ebrahimi , Marilyn Walker

Data noising is an effective technique for regularizing neural network models. While noising is widely adopted in application domains such as vision and speech, commonly used noising primitives have not been developed for discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-09 Ziang Xie , Sida I. Wang , Jiwei Li , Daniel Lévy , Aiming Nie , Dan Jurafsky , Andrew Y. Ng

In Natural Language Generation (NLG), contemporary Large Language Models (LLMs) face several challenges, such as generating fluent yet inaccurate outputs and reliance on fluency-centric metrics. This often leads to neural networks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Federico Borra , Claudio Savelli , Giacomo Rosso , Alkis Koudounas , Flavio Giobergia

Large language models (LLMs) can suffer from hallucinations when generating text. These hallucinations impede various applications in society and industry by making LLMs untrustworthy. Current LLMs generate text in an autoregressive fashion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Lukas Aichberger , Kajetan Schweighofer , Mykyta Ielanskyi , Sepp Hochreiter

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is one of the most revolutionary technologies today. It uses artificial intelligence to understand human text and spoken words. It is used for text summarization, grammar checking, sentiment analysis, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 G. M. Refatul Islam , Safwan Shaheer , Yaseen Nur , Mohammad Rafid Hamid