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We study generating series of torus integrals that contain all so-called modular graph forms relevant for massless one-loop closed-string amplitudes. By analysing the differential equation of the generating series we construct a solution…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-08-26 Jan E. Gerken , Axel Kleinschmidt , Oliver Schlotterer

In this thesis, we investigate the low-energy expansion of scattering amplitudes of closed strings at one-loop level (i.e. at genus one) in a ten-dimensional Minkowski background using a special class of functions called modular graph…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-11-18 Jan E. Gerken

We study generating functions of moduli-space integrals at genus one that are expected to form a basis for massless $n$-point one-loop amplitudes of open superstrings and open bosonic strings. These integrals are shown to satisfy the same…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-03-18 Carlos R. Mafra , Oliver Schlotterer

The analytic contribution to the low energy expansion of Type II string amplitudes at genus-one is a power series in space-time derivatives with coefficients that are determined by integrals of modular functions over the complex structure…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-09-30 Eric D'Hoker , Michael B. Green , Pierre Vanhove

Modular graph functions arise in the calculation of the low-energy expansion of closed-string scattering amplitudes. For toroidal world-sheets, they are ${\rm SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})$-invariant functions of the torus complex structure that have…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-11-30 Daniele Dorigoni , Axel Kleinschmidt , Rudolfs Treilis

We investigate one-loop four-point scattering of non-abelian gauge bosons in heterotic string theory and identify new connections with the corresponding open-string amplitude. In the low-energy expansion of the heterotic-string amplitude,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-03-08 Jan E. Gerken , Axel Kleinschmidt , Oliver Schlotterer

The low-energy expansion of one-loop amplitudes in type II string theory generates a series of world-sheet integrals whose integrands can be represented by world-sheet Feynman diagrams. These integrands are modular invariant and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-10-25 Axel Kleinschmidt , Valentin Verschinin

This paper investigates the relations between modular graph forms, which are generalizations of the modular graph functions that were introduced in earlier papers motivated by the structure of the low energy expansion of genus-one Type II…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-07-03 Eric D'Hoker , Michael B. Green

We relate the low-energy expansions of world-sheet integrals in genus-one amplitudes of open- and closed-string states. The respective expansion coefficients are elliptic multiple zeta values in the open-string case and non-holomorphic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-06-15 Jan E. Gerken , Axel Kleinschmidt , Carlos R. Mafra , Oliver Schlotterer , Bram Verbeek

Modular graph forms are a class of non-holomorphic modular forms that arise in the low-energy expansion of genus-one closed string amplitudes. In this work, we introduce a systematic procedure to convert lattice-sum representations of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-11 Emiel Claasen , Mehregan Doroudiani

The low-energy expansion of closed-string scattering amplitudes at genus one introduces infinite families of non-holomorphic modular forms called modular graph forms. Their differential and number-theoretic properties motivated Brown's…

The concept and the construction of modular graph functions are generalized from genus-one to higher genus surfaces. The integrand of the four-graviton superstring amplitude at genus-two provides a generating function for a special class of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-11-14 Eric D'Hoker , Michael B. Green , Boris Pioline

We relate one-loop scattering amplitudes of massless open- and closed-string states at the level of their low-energy expansion. The modular graph functions resulting from integration over closed-string punctures are observed to follow from…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-03-05 Johannes Broedel , Oliver Schlotterer , Federico Zerbini

We show that the dimer model on a bipartite graph on a torus gives rise to a quantum integrable system of special type - a cluster integrable system. The phase space of the classical system contains, as an open dense subset, the moduli…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2012-11-13 A. B. Goncharov , R. Kenyon

Generalised Eisenstein series are non-holomorphic modular invariant functions of a complex variable, $\tau$, subject to a particular inhomogeneous Laplace eigenvalue equation on the hyperbolic upper-half $\tau$-plane. Two infinite classes…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-07-26 Daniele Dorigoni , Rudolfs Treilis

We extend the modular orbits method of constructing a two-dimensional orbifold conformal field theory to higher genus Riemann surfaces. We find that partition functions on surfaces of arbitrary genus can be constructed by a straightforward…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-03-27 Daniel Robbins , Thomas Vandermeulen

We derive new Poincar\'e-series representations for infinite families of non-holomorphic modular invariant functions that include modular graph forms as they appear in the low-energy expansion of closed-string scattering amplitudes at genus…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-02-09 Daniele Dorigoni , Axel Kleinschmidt , Oliver Schlotterer

We develop a method to evaluate integrals of non-holomorphic modular functions over the fundamental domain of the torus with modular parameter $\tau$ analytically. It proceeds in two steps: first the integral is transformed to a Lorentzian…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-22 Marco Maria Baccianti , Jeevan Chandra , Lorenz Eberhardt , Thomas Hartman , Sebastian Mizera

The coefficients of the higher-derivative terms in the low energy expansion of genus-one graviton Type II superstring scattering amplitudes are determined by integrating sums of non-holomorphic modular functions over the complex structure…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-01-19 Eric D'Hoker , Michael B. Green , Pierre Vanhove

A diagrammatic expansion of coefficients in the low-momentum expansion of the genus-one four-particle amplitude in type II superstring theory is developed. This is applied to determine coefficients up to order s^6R^4 (where s is a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-12-15 Michael B. Green , Jorge G. Russo , Pierre Vanhove
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