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A falling liquid drop, after impact on a rigid substrate, deforms and spreads, owing to the normal reaction force. Subsequently, if the substrate is non-wetting, the drop retracts and then jumps off. As we show here, not only is the impact…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-09-01 Bin Zhang , Vatsal Sanjay , Songlin Shi , Yinggang Zhao , Cunjing Lv , Xi-Qiao , Detlef Lohse

Deformation of liquid droplets by impingement induces Worthington jet in certain range of the impact velocity. Although the growth of the jet as well as its tip velocity is predicted from similar cases to the droplet impact, the mechanism…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-02-28 Ken Yamamoto , Masahiro Motosuke , Satoshi Ogata

A liquid drop impacting a rigid substrate undergoes deformation and spreading due to normal reaction forces, which are counteracted by surface tension. On a non-wetting substrate, the drop subsequently retracts and takes off. Our recent…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-01-31 Vatsal Sanjay , Bin Zhang , Cunjing Lv , Detlef Lohse

The retraction of an impacting droplet on a non-wetting substrate is often associated with the formation of a Worthington jet, which is fed by the retracting liquid. A non-Newtonian rheology of the liquid is known to affect the retraction…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-01-18 Uddalok Sen , Detlef Lohse , Maziyar Jalaal

In this fluid dynamics video prepared for the APS-DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion we study the collision of two identical viscous jets at different jet speeds and collision eccentricities. The dynamics of the jet motion are slowed down by…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2013-10-22 Bavand Keshavarz , Gareth H. McKinley

Compound drop impacting on a solid surface is of considerable importance in industrial applications, such as combustion, food industry, and drug encapsulation. An intriguing phenomenon associated with this process is the occurrence of…

We investigate the dynamics of drop impact on a thin liquid film at short times in order to identify the mechanisms of splashing formation. Using numerical simulations and scaling analysis, we show that the splashing formation depends both…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2016-08-24 Christophe Josserand , Pascal Ray , Stéphane Zaleski

This paper experimentally investigates the effect of viscosity on the outcomes of collisions between a regular stream of droplets and a continuous liquid jet. A broad variation of liquid viscosity of both the drop and the jet liquid is…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-10-11 David Baumgartner , Günter Brenn , Carole Planchette

Raindrop impact on the ocean has been proposed as a mechanism for microplastic transfer from seawater to the atmosphere, yet the interfacial dynamics governing particle ejection from floating microplastics remain largely unexplored. We…

The breakup of a fluid jet into droplets has long fascinated natural scientists, with early research dating back to the 19th century. Infinitesimal perturbations to a jet grow because of surface tension, which eventually leads to breakup of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-09-07 Takuji Ishikawa , Thanh-Nghi Dang , Eric Lauga

A liquid drop impacting a solid surface may splash by emitting a thin liquid sheet that subsequently breaks apart or by promptly ejecting droplets from the advancing liquid-solid contact line. Using high-speed imaging, we show that air…

Bouncing jets are fascinating phenomenons occurring under certain conditions when a jet impinges on a free surface. This effect is observed when the fluid is Newtonian and the jet falls in a bath undergoing a solid motion. It occurs also…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-09-01 Andrea Bonito , Jean-Luc Guermond , Sanghyun Lee

Collisions between a stream of drops and a continuous jet of a different liquid are experimentally investigated. In contrast to previous studies, our work focuses on the effects of liquid miscibility and wettability on the collision…

Impacts of drops on liquids are ubiquitous in nature and in a range of applications in healthcare, agriculture and industry. They can lead to splash and generation of secondary droplets important for a range of coating, dispersal or…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-12-07 Raj Dandekar

In most spray coating and deposition applications, the target surface may be initially dry but with continuous drop impact a thin layer of liquid film is formed on which further impingement occurs. An experimental study of the process of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-10-05 Sucharitha Rajendran , MA Jog , RM Manglik

We investigate the impact velocity beyond which the ejection of smaller droplets from the main droplet (splashing) occurs for droplets impacting a smooth surface. We examine its dependence on the surface wetting properties and droplet…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-01-11 T. C. de Goede , K. G. de Bruin , D. Bonn

Bubble bursting and subsequent collapse of the open cavity at free surfaces of contaminated liquids can generate aerosol droplets, facilitating pathogen transport. After film rupture, capillary waves focus at the cavity base, potentially…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-05-15 Ayush K. Dixit , Alexandros Oratis , Konstantinos Zinelis , Detlef Lohse , Vatsal Sanjay

This study experimentally examines the impact of spacing between two pulsed jets and their strengths on the fluid dynamics within an elastic hemispherical cavity. Such interactions between multiple pulsed jets are observed in various…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-22 L. S. Merlo , L. Kadem , W. Saleh , H. D. Ng , G. Di Labbio

The behaviour of a high viscosity complex fluid upon impact with a dry solid surface has been studied. Video-based studies show the appearance of secondary jets for large impact velocities.

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2010-11-16 K. Bergvall , W. Holm , G. Mårtensson

We explore the evolution of a splash when a liquid drop impacts a smooth, dry surface. There are two splashing regimes that occur when the liquid viscosity is varied, as is evidenced by its dependence on ambient gas pressure. A…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-18 Cacey S. Stevens , Andrzej Latka , Sidney R. Nagel
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