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Machine learning has significantly enhanced the abilities of robots, enabling them to perform a wide range of tasks in human environments and adapt to our uncertain real world. Recent works in various machine learning domains have…

Group fairness definitions such as Demographic Parity and Equal Opportunity make assumptions about the underlying decision-problem that restrict them to classification problems. Prior work has translated these definitions to other machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Jack Blandin , Ian Kash

Fairness-aware classification is receiving increasing attention in the machine learning fields. Recently research proposes to formulate the fairness-aware classification as constrained optimization problems. However, several limitations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Yongkai Wu , Lu Zhang , Xintao Wu

Fair machine learning is receiving an increasing attention in machine learning fields. Researchers in fair learning have developed correlation or association-based measures such as demographic disparity, mistreatment disparity, calibration,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Wen Huang , Yongkai Wu , Lu Zhang , Xintao Wu

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in causal reasoning for designing fair decision-making systems due to its compatibility with legal frameworks, interpretability for human stakeholders, and robustness to spurious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Aida Rahmattalabi , Alice Xiang

Scoring systems, as a type of predictive model, have significant advantages in interpretability and transparency and facilitate quick decision-making. As such, scoring systems have been extensively used in a wide variety of industries such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Yi Yang , Ying Wu , Mei Li , Xiangyu Chang , Yong Tan

Automated decision systems increasingly rely on human oversight to ensure accuracy in uncertain cases. This paper presents a practical framework for optimizing such human-in-the-loop classification systems using a double-threshold policy.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Goran Muric , Steven Minton

In a world of daily emerging scientific inquisition and discovery, the prolific launch of machine learning across industries comes to little surprise for those familiar with the potential of ML. Neither so should the congruent expansion of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Brianna Richardson , Juan E. Gilbert

Recent regulatory proposals for artificial intelligence emphasize fairness requirements for machine learning models. However, precisely defining the appropriate measure of fairness is challenging due to philosophical, cultural and political…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Caleb J. S. Barr , Olivia Erdelyi , Paul D. Docherty , Randolph C. Grace

Fairness is central to the ethical and responsible development and use of AI systems, with a large number of frameworks and formal notions of algorithmic fairness being available. However, many of the fairness solutions proposed revolve…

There is increasing regulatory interest in whether machine learning algorithms deployed in consequential domains (e.g. in criminal justice) treat different demographic groups "fairly." However, there are several proposed notions of…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-02-19 Christopher Jung , Sampath Kannan , Changhwa Lee , Mallesh M. Pai , Aaron Roth , Rakesh Vohra

The field of fair machine learning aims to ensure that decisions guided by algorithms are equitable. Over the last decade, several formal, mathematical definitions of fairness have gained prominence. Here we first assemble and categorize…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Sam Corbett-Davies , Johann D. Gaebler , Hamed Nilforoshan , Ravi Shroff , Sharad Goel

As society transitions towards an AI-based decision-making infrastructure, an ever-increasing number of decisions once under control of humans are now delegated to automated systems. Even though such developments make various parts of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Drago Plecko , Elias Bareinboim

Machine-learned systems are in widespread use for making decisions about humans, and it is important that they are fair, i.e., not biased against individuals based on sensitive attributes. We present a general framework of runtime…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Thomas A. Henzinger , Mahyar Karimi , Konstantin Kueffner , Kaushik Mallik

The evaluation of fairness models in Machine Learning involves complex challenges, such as defining appropriate metrics, balancing trade-offs between utility and fairness, and there are still gaps in this stage. This work presents a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Gökhan Özbulak , Oscar Jimenez-del-Toro , Maíra Fatoretto , Lilian Berton , André Anjos

What does it mean for a machine learning model to be `fair', in terms which can be operationalised? Should fairness consist of ensuring everyone has an equal probability of obtaining some benefit, or should we aim instead to minimise the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Reuben Binns

This study explores perceptions of fairness in algorithmic decision-making among users in Bangladesh through a comprehensive mixed-methods approach. By integrating quantitative survey data with qualitative interview insights, we examine how…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Ahmed Abdal Shafi Rasel , Ahmed Mustafa Amlan , Tasmim Shajahan Mim , Tanvir Hasan

Machine learning (ML) fairness research tends to focus primarily on mathematically-based interventions on often opaque algorithms or models and/or their immediate inputs and outputs. Such oversimplified mathematical models abstract away the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Donald Martin , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Jill Kuhlberg , Andrew Smart , William S. Isaac

Machine learning based predictions are increasingly used in sensitive decision-making applications that directly affect our lives. This has led to extensive research into ensuring the fairness of classifiers. Beyond just fair…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Ainhize Barrainkua , Giovanni De Toni , Jose Antonio Lozano , Novi Quadrianto

Machine Learning (ML) decision-making algorithms are now widely used in predictive decision-making, for example, to determine who to admit and give a loan. Their wide usage and consequential effects on individuals led the ML community to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Keziah Naggita , J. Ceasar Aguma