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Related papers: New achievements in optical turbulence forecast sy…

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Long distance imaging is subject to the impact of the turbulent atmosphere. This results into geometric distortions and some blur effect in the observed frames. Despite the existence of several turbulence mitigation algorithms in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Nicholas B. Ferrante , Jerome Gilles

This paper introduces temporally local metrics for Multi-Object Tracking. These metrics are obtained by restricting existing metrics based on track matching to a finite temporal horizon, and provide new insight into the ability of trackers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Jack Valmadre , Alex Bewley , Jonathan Huang , Chen Sun , Cristian Sminchisescu , Cordelia Schmid

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) enables pre-trained models to adjust to distribution shift by learning from unlabeled test-time streams. However, existing methods typically treat these streams as independent samples, overlooking the supervisory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Young Kyung Kim , Oded Schlesinger , Qiangqiang Wu , J. Matías Di Martino , Guillermo Sapiro

These last years ground-based astronomy has been looking towards Antarctica, especially its summits and the internal continental plateau where the optical turbulence (OT) appears to be confined in a shallow layer close to the surface.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2010-01-04 F. Lascaux , E. Masciadri , S. Hagelin , J. Stoesz

Earth system predictability is challenged by the complexity of environmental dynamics and the multitude of variables involved. Current AI foundation models, although advanced by leveraging large and heterogeneous data, are often constrained…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-08-20 Xiao Wang , Siyan Liu , Aristeidis Tsaris , Jong-Youl Choi , Ashwin Aji , Ming Fan , Wei Zhang , Junqi Yin , Moetasim Ashfaq , Dan Lu , Prasanna Balaprakash

The amount of Adaptive Optics (AO) telemetry generated by VIS/NIR ground-based observatories is ever greater, leading to a growing need for a standardised data exchange format to support performance analysis and AO research and development…

With the prospect of the next generation of ground-based telescopes, the extremely large telescopes (ELTs), increasingly complex and demanding adaptive optics (AO) systems are needed. This is to compensate for image distortion caused by…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-31 L. Catala , A. Ziad , Y. Fantei-Caujolle , S. M. Crawford , D. A. H. Buckley , J. Borgnino , F. Blary , M. Nickola , T. Pickering

Adaptive optics systems are essential on all large telescopes where image quality is important. These are complex systems with many design parameters requiring optimisation before good performance can be achieved. The simulation of adaptive…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alastair Basden , Timothy Butterley , Richard Myers , Richard Wilson

We propose a new programming language called ALTA and a compiler that can map ALTA programs to Transformer weights. ALTA is inspired by RASP, a language proposed by Weiss et al. (2021), and Tracr (Lindner et al., 2023), a compiler from RASP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Peter Shaw , James Cohan , Jacob Eisenstein , Kenton Lee , Jonathan Berant , Kristina Toutanova

Atmospheric optical turbulence (OT) monitoring is crucial for site characterisation at astronomical observatories and optical communications ground stations. The Shack-Hartmann Image Motion Monitor (SHIMM) instrument implements a fast,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-29 Ryan Griffiths , Timothy Butterley , Richard Wilson , James Osborn

The Adaptive Optics (AO) performance significantly depends on the available Natural Guide Stars (NGSs) and a wide range of atmospheric conditions (seeing, Cn2, windspeed,...). In order to be able to easily predict the AO performance, we…

Knowledge of the Earth's atmospheric optical turbulence is critical for astronomical instrumentation. Not only does it enable performance verification and optimisation of existing systems but it is required for the design of future…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-13 J. Osborn , R. W. Wilson , M. Sarazin , T. Butterley , A. Chacón , F. Derie , O. J. D. Farley , X. Haubois , D. Laidlaw , M. LeLouarn , E. Masciadri , J. Milli , J. Navarrete , M. J. Townson

Using an observational derived model optical turbulence profile (model-OTP) we have investigated the performance of Adaptive Optics (AO) at Siding Spring Observatory (SSO), Australia. The simulations cover the performance for AO techniques…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Michael Goodwin , Charles Jenkins , Andrew Lambert

Accurate precipitation forecasting is becoming increasingly important in the context of climate change. In response, machine learning-based approaches have recently gained attention as an emerging alternative to traditional methods such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Jaeho Choi , Hyeri Kim , Kwang-Ho Kim , Jaesung Lee

There is a great need to accurately predict short-term precipitation, which has socioeconomic effects such as agriculture and disaster prevention. Recently, the forecasting models have employed multi-source data as the multi-modality input,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-09-12 Min Chen , Hao Yang , Shaohan Li , Xiaolin Qin

Time-domain astronomy (TDA) is facing a paradigm shift caused by the exponential growth of the sample size, data complexity and data generation rates of new astronomical sky surveys. For example, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST),…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-28 Pablo Huijse , Pablo A. Estevez , Pavlos Protopapas , Jose C. Principe , Pablo Zegers

The strength and vertical distribution of atmospheric turbulence is a key factor determining the performance of optical and infrared telescopes, with and without adaptive optics. Yet, this remains challenging to measure. We describe a new…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-11 Paul Hickson , Bin Ma , Zhaohui Shang , Suijian Xue

This study introduces OTCliM (Optical Turbulence Climatology using Machine learning), a novel approach for deriving comprehensive climatologies of atmospheric optical turbulence strength ($C_n^2$) using gradient boosting machines. OTCliM…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-06-02 Maximilian Pierzyna , Sukanta Basu , Rudolf Saathof

The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photons is a promising degree of freedom for high-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD). However, effectively mitigating the adverse effects of atmospheric turbulence is a persistent challenge in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-24 Jiapeng Zhao , Yiyu Zhou , Boris Braverman , Cong Liu , Kai Pang , Nicholas K. Steinhoff , Glenn A. Tyler , Alan E. Willner , Robert W. Boyd

Geospatial Copilots hold immense potential for automating Earth observation (EO) and climate monitoring workflows, yet their reliance on large-scale models such as GPT-4o introduces a paradox: tools intended for sustainability studies often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Dimitrios Stamoulis , Diana Marculescu