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This study investigates how well computational embeddings align with human semantic judgments in the processing of English compound words. We compare static word vectors (GloVe) and contextualized embeddings (BERT) against human ratings of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Swarang Joshi

Distilling knowledge from a well-trained cumbersome network to a small one has recently become a new research topic, as lightweight neural networks with high performance are particularly in need in various resource-restricted systems. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-26 Lili Mou , Ran Jia , Yan Xu , Ge Li , Lu Zhang , Zhi Jin

Word embeddings have been shown to produce remarkable results in tackling a vast majority of NLP related tasks. Unfortunately, word embeddings also capture the stereotypical biases that are prevalent in society, affecting the predictive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Navya Yarrabelly , Vinay Damodaran , Feng-Guang Su

Text embedding models serve as a fundamental component in real-world search applications. By mapping queries and documents into a shared embedding space, they deliver competitive retrieval performance with high efficiency. However, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Qi Liu , Yanzhao Zhang , Mingxin Li , Dingkun Long , Pengjun Xie , Jiaxin Mao

Word and sentence embeddings are useful feature representations in natural language processing. However, intrinsic evaluation for embeddings lags far behind, and there has been no significant update since the past decade. Word and sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Bin Wang , C. -C. Jay Kuo , Haizhou Li

We present a novel and effective technique for performing text coherence tasks while facilitating deeper insights into the data. Despite obtaining ever-increasing task performance, modern deep-learning approaches to NLP tasks often only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-09 Tanner Bohn , Yining Hu , Jinhang Zhang , Charles X. Ling

In NLP, text language models based on words or subwords are known to outperform their character-based counterparts. Yet, in the speech community, the standard input of spoken LMs are 20ms or 40ms-long discrete units (shorter than a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Robin Algayres , Yossi Adi , Tu Anh Nguyen , Jade Copet , Gabriel Synnaeve , Benoit Sagot , Emmanuel Dupoux

Similarity measures based purely on word embeddings are comfortably competing with much more sophisticated deep learning and expert-engineered systems on unsupervised semantic textual similarity (STS) tasks. In contrast to commonly used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Vitalii Zhelezniak , April Shen , Daniel Busbridge , Aleksandar Savkov , Nils Hammerla

Complementary to finding good general word embeddings, an important question for representation learning is to find dynamic word embeddings, e.g., across time or domain. Current methods do not offer a way to use or predict information on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Stephanie Brandl , David Lassner , Anne Baillot , Shinichi Nakajima

Distributed word embeddings such as Word2Vec and GloVe have been widely adopted in industrial context settings. Major technical applications of GloVe include recommender systems and natural language processing. The fundamental theory behind…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Hao Wang

Multi-agent systems must decide which agent is the most appropriate for a given task. We propose a novel architecture for recommending which LLM agent out of many should perform a task given a natural language prompt by extending the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Joshua Park , Yongfeng Zhang

Word embeddings predict a word from its neighbours by learning small, dense embedding vectors. In practice, this prediction corresponds to a semantic score given to the predicted word (or term weight). We present a novel model that, given a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Casper Hansen , Christian Hansen , Stephen Alstrup , Jakob Grue Simonsen , Christina Lioma

Word embeddings are already well studied in the general domain, usually trained on large text corpora, and have been evaluated for example on word similarity and analogy tasks, but also as an input to downstream NLP processes. In contrast,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Gerhard Wohlgenannt , Ariadna Barinova , Dmitry Ilvovsky , Ekaterina Chernyak

Word embedding models have become a fundamental component in a wide range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. However, embeddings trained on human-generated corpora have been demonstrated to inherit strong gender stereotypes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Jieyu Zhao , Yichao Zhou , Zeyu Li , Wei Wang , Kai-Wei Chang

Word embeddings are substantially successful in capturing semantic relations among words. However, these lexical semantics are difficult to be interpreted. Definition modeling provides a more intuitive way to evaluate embeddings by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Haitong Zhang , Yongping Du , Jiaxin Sun , Qingxiao Li

We look into the task of \emph{generalizing} word embeddings: given a set of pre-trained word vectors over a finite vocabulary, the goal is to predict embedding vectors for out-of-vocabulary words, \emph{without} extra contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Zhao Jinman , Shawn Zhong , Xiaomin Zhang , Yingyu Liang

The application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has achieved a high level of relevance in several areas. In the field of software engineering (SE), NLP applications are based on the classification of similar texts (e.g. software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Eliane Maria De Bortoli Fávero , Dalcimar Casanova

Text embeddings are typically evaluated on a limited set of tasks, which are constrained by language, domain, and task diversity. To address these limitations and provide a more comprehensive evaluation, we introduce the Massive…

Neural language models learn word representations, or embeddings, that capture rich linguistic and conceptual information. Here we investigate the embeddings learned by neural machine translation models, a recently-developed class of neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-04-06 Felix Hill , Kyunghyun Cho , Sebastien Jean , Coline Devin , Yoshua Bengio

Word embedding methods revolve around learning continuous distributed vector representations of words with neural networks, which can capture semantic and/or syntactic cues, and in turn be used to induce similarity measures among words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-25 Kuan-Yu Chen , Shih-Hung Liu , Berlin Chen , Hsin-Min Wang , Hsin-Hsi Chen
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