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Large language models (LLMs) exhibit a strong capacity for in-context learning: Given labeled examples, they can generate good predictions without parameter updates. However, many interactive settings go beyond static prediction to online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Emile Anand , Abdullah Ateyeh , Xinyuan Cao , Max Dabagia

We present an approach to learning multi-sense word embeddings relying both on monolingual and bilingual information. Our model consists of an encoder, which uses monolingual and bilingual context (i.e. a parallel sentence) to choose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-03-31 Simon Šuster , Ivan Titov , Gertjan van Noord

Neural Machine Translation model is a sequence-to-sequence converter based on neural networks. Existing models use recurrent neural networks to construct both the encoder and decoder modules. In alternative research, the recurrent networks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Ritam Mallick , Seba Susan , Vaibhaw Agrawal , Rizul Garg , Prateek Rawal

Interest in larger-context neural machine translation, including document-level and multi-modal translation, has been growing. Multiple works have proposed new network architectures or evaluation schemes, but potentially helpful context is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Sébastien Jean , Kyunghyun Cho

In the field of cross-modal retrieval, single encoder models tend to perform better than dual encoder models, but they suffer from high latency and low throughput. In this paper, we present a dual encoder model called BagFormer that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Haowen Hou , Xiaopeng Yan , Yigeng Zhang , Fengzong Lian , Zhanhui Kang

Persona can function as the prior knowledge for maintaining the consistency of dialogue systems. Most of previous studies adopted the self persona in dialogue whose response was about to be selected from a set of candidates or directly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Jia-Chen Gu , Hui Liu , Zhen-Hua Ling , Quan Liu , Zhigang Chen , Xiaodan Zhu

Techniques for multi-lingual and cross-lingual speech recognition can help in low resource scenarios, to bootstrap systems and enable analysis of new languages and domains. End-to-end approaches, in particular sequence-based techniques, are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-08 Siddharth Dalmia , Ramon Sanabria , Florian Metze , Alan W. Black

In this paper we present the results of our experiments in training and deploying a self-supervised retrieval-based chatbot trained with contrastive learning for assisting customer support agents. In contrast to most existing research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Kristen Moore , Shenjun Zhong , Zhen He , Torsten Rudolf , Nils Fisher , Brandon Victor , Neha Jindal

End-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems often have difficulty recognizing uncommon words, that appear infrequently in the training data. One promising method, to improve the recognition accuracy on such rare words, is to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Feng-Ju Chang , Jing Liu , Martin Radfar , Athanasios Mouchtaris , Maurizio Omologo , Ariya Rastrow , Siegfried Kunzmann

Existing approaches to mapping-based cross-lingual word embeddings are based on the assumption that the source and target embedding spaces are structurally similar. The structures of embedding spaces largely depend on the co-occurrence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Ryokan Ri , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

Transformer-based language models have shown an excellent ability to effectively capture and utilize contextual information. Although various analysis techniques have been used to quantify and trace the contribution of single contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Hamidreza Amirzadeh , Afra Alishahi , Hosein Mohebbi

While large neural-based conversational models have become increasingly proficient dialogue agents, recent work has highlighted safety issues with these systems. For example, these systems can be goaded into generating toxic content, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Nicholas Meade , Spandana Gella , Devamanyu Hazarika , Prakhar Gupta , Di Jin , Siva Reddy , Yang Liu , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

Tasks such as semantic search and clustering on crisis-related social media texts enhance our comprehension of crisis discourse, aiding decision-making and targeted interventions. Pre-trained language models have advanced performance in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Rabindra Lamsal , Maria Rodriguez Read , Shanika Karunasekera

While automatic response generation for building chatbot systems has drawn a lot of attention recently, there is limited understanding on when we need to consider the linguistic context of an input text in the generation process. The task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-04 Chaozhuo Li , Yu Wu , Wei Wu , Chen Xing , Zhoujun Li , Ming Zhou

Recently, Transformer-based encoder-decoder models have demonstrated strong performance in multilingual speech recognition. However, the decoder's autoregressive nature and large size introduce significant bottlenecks during inference.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-28 Yunkyu Lim , Jihwan Park , Hyung Yong Kim , Hanbin Lee , Byeong-Yeol Kim

Sentence Ordering refers to the task of rearranging a set of sentences into the appropriate coherent order. For this task, most previous approaches have explored global context-based end-to-end methods using Sequence Generation techniques.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Ruskin Raj Manku , Aditya Jyoti Paul

In NLP, a large volume of tasks involve pairwise comparison between two sequences (e.g. sentence similarity and paraphrase identification). Predominantly, two formulations are used for sentence-pair tasks: bi-encoders and cross-encoders.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Fangyu Liu , Yunlong Jiao , Jordan Massiah , Emine Yilmaz , Serhii Havrylov

Recent techniques such as retrieval-augmented generation or chain-of-thought reasoning have led to longer contexts and increased inference costs. Context compression techniques can reduce these costs, but the most effective approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hippolyte Pilchen , Edouard Grave , Patrick Pérez

Neural IR architectures, particularly cross-encoders, are highly effective models whose internal mechanisms are mostly unknown. Most works trying to explain their behavior focused on high-level processes (e.g., what in the input influences…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Mathias Vast , Basile Van Cooten , Laure Soulier , Benjamin Piwowarski

For machine translation to tackle discourse phenomena, models must have access to extra-sentential linguistic context. There has been recent interest in modelling context in neural machine translation (NMT), but models have been principally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-23 Rachel Bawden , Rico Sennrich , Alexandra Birch , Barry Haddow