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The subjective perception of emotion leads to inconsistent labels from human annotators. Typically, utterances lacking majority-agreed labels are excluded when training an emotion classifier, which cause problems when encountering ambiguous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Wen Wu , Bo Li , Chao Zhang , Chung-Cheng Chiu , Qiujia Li , Junwen Bai , Tara N. Sainath , Philip C. Woodland

Deep learning models perform best with abundant, high-quality labels, yet such conditions are rarely achievable in EEG-based emotion recognition. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are easily corrupted by artifacts and individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Hyo-Jeong Jang , Hye-Bin Shin , Kang Yin

Emotion recognition is a key attribute for artificial intelligence systems that need to naturally interact with humans. However, the task definition is still an open problem due to the inherent ambiguity of emotions. In this paper, a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Wen Wu , Chao Zhang , Xixin Wu , Philip C. Woodland

Multi-label sentiment classification plays a vital role in natural language processing by detecting multiple emotions within a single text. However, existing datasets like GoEmotions often suffer from severe class imbalance, which hampers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zijin Su , Huanzhu Lyu , Yuren Niu , Yiming Liu

Emotions are subjective constructs. Recent end-to-end speech emotion recognition systems are typically agnostic to the subjective nature of emotions, despite their state-of-the-art performance. In this work, we introduce an end-to-end…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-28 Navin Raj Prabhu , Guillaume Carbajal , Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock , Timo Gerkmann

Contemporary knowledge-based systems increasingly rely on multilingual emotion identification to support intelligent decision-making, yet they face major challenges due to emotional ambiguity and incomplete supervision. Emotion recognition…

Speech emotion recognition plays an important role in various applications. However, most existing approaches predict a single emotion label, oversimplifying the inherently ambiguous nature of human emotional expression. Recent large…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xiaofeng Yu , Jiaheng Dong , Jean Honorio , Abhirup Ghosh , Hong Jia , Ting Dang

Emotion recognition is inherently ambiguous, with uncertainty arising both from rater disagreement and from discrepancies across modalities such as speech and text. There is growing interest in modeling rater ambiguity using label…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Jingyao Wu , Grace Lin , Yinuo Song , Rosalind Picard

Falsely annotated samples, also known as noisy labels, can significantly harm the performance of deep learning models. Two main approaches for learning with noisy labels are global noise estimation and data filtering. Global noise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yuval Grinberg , Nimrod Harel , Jacob Goldberger , Ofir Lindenbaum

Label noise in training data can significantly degrade a model's generalization performance for supervised learning tasks. Here we focus on the problem that noisy labels are primarily mislabeled samples, which tend to be concentrated near…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Hao-Chiang Shao , Hsin-Chieh Wang , Weng-Tai Su , Chia-Wen Lin

Label noise poses an important challenge in machine learning, especially in deep learning, in which large models with high expressive power dominate the field. Models of that kind are prone to memorizing incorrect labels, thereby harming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Julian Lienen , Eyke Hüllermeier

Training a deep neural network with noisy labels could reduce data annotation cost but may introduce noise into the learned model. In meta label correction approaches, an additional meta model besides the main model is trained with a small,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ba Hoang Anh Nguyen , Viet Cuong Ta

Natural Language Inference (NLI) datasets contain examples with highly ambiguous labels. While many research works do not pay much attention to this fact, several recent efforts have been made to acknowledge and embrace the existence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Johannes Mario Meissner , Napat Thumwanit , Saku Sugawara , Akiko Aizawa

Visual sentiment analysis has received increasing attention in recent years. However, the dataset's quality is a concern because the sentiment labels are crowd-sourcing, subjective, and prone to mistakes, and poses a severe threat to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Wei Zhu , Zihe Zheng , Haitian Zheng , Hanjia Lyu , Jiebo Luo

In Speech Emotion Recognition (SER), emotional characteristics often appear in diverse forms of energy patterns in spectrograms. Typical attention neural network classifiers of SER are usually optimized on a fixed attention granularity. In…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Mingke Xu , Fan Zhang , Xiaodong Cui , Wei Zhang

Human annotators frequently disagree on emotion labels, yet most evaluations of Large Language Model (LLM) emotion annotation collapse these judgments into a single gold standard, discarding the distributional information that disagreement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Keito Inoshita , Xiaokang Zhou , Akira Kawai , Katsutoshi Yada

We propose a novel sample selection method for image classification in the presence of noisy labels. Existing methods typically consider small-loss samples as correctly labeled. However, some correctly labeled samples are inherently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Weiran Pan , Wei Wei , Feida Zhu , Yong Deng

This paper explores the application of a simple weighted loss function to Transformer-based models for multi-label emotion detection in SemEval-2025 Shared Task 11. Our approach addresses data imbalance by dynamically adjusting class…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Xia Cui

Emotion recognition is a complex task due to the inherent subjectivity in both the perception and production of emotions. The subjectivity of emotions poses significant challenges in developing accurate and robust computational models. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Mimansa Jaiswal

Label noise and class imbalance commonly coexist in real-world data. Previous works for robust learning, however, usually address either one type of the data biases and underperform when facing them both. To mitigate this gap, this work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Shenwang Jiang , Jianan Li , Jizhou Zhang , Ying Wang , Tingfa Xu
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