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This research aims to optimize intricate learning models by implementing quantization and bit-depth optimization techniques. The objective is to significantly cut time complexity while preserving model efficiency, thus addressing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mitul Goswami , Romit Chatterjee

Performance optimization is an increasingly challenging but often repetitive task. While each platform has its quirks, the underlying code transformations rely on data movement and computational characteristics that recur across…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Lukas Trümper , Tal Ben-Nun , Philipp Schaad , Alexandru Calotoiu , Torsten Hoefler

The post-training quantization (PTQ) challenge of bringing quantized neural net accuracy close to original has drawn much attention driven by industry demand. Many of the methods emphasize optimization of a specific degree-of-freedom (DoF),…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-21 Alex Finkelstein , Ella Fuchs , Idan Tal , Mark Grobman , Niv Vosco , Eldad Meller

Learning high-quality feature embeddings efficiently and effectively is critical for the performance of web-scale machine learning systems. A typical model ingests hundreds of features with vocabularies on the order of millions to billions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Benjamin Coleman , Wang-Cheng Kang , Matthew Fahrbach , Ruoxi Wang , Lichan Hong , Ed H. Chi , Derek Zhiyuan Cheng

Quantization is a key method for deploying deep neural networks on edge devices with limited memory and computation resources. Recent improvements in Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) methods were achieved by an additional local optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Ofir Gordon , Elad Cohen , Hai Victor Habi , Arnon Netzer

Large language models (LLMs) require immense resources for training and inference. Quantization, a technique that reduces the precision of model parameters, offers a promising solution for improving LLM efficiency and sustainability. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jacob Nielsen , Peter Schneider-Kamp , Lukas Galke

Operating deep neural networks on devices with limited resources requires the reduction of their memory footprints and computational requirements. In this paper we introduce a training method, called look-up table quantization, LUT-Q, which…

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of quantization techniques for optimizing Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically focusing on Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) and Quantization-Aware Training (QAT). Through empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jahid Hasan

Currently, deep neural networks are deployed on low-power portable devices by first training a full-precision model using powerful hardware, and then deriving a corresponding low-precision model for efficient inference on such systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Hao Li , Soham De , Zheng Xu , Christoph Studer , Hanan Samet , Tom Goldstein

This paper presents primarily two Euclidean embeddings of the quotient space generated by matrices that are identified modulo arbitrary row permutations. The original application is in deep learning on graphs where the learning task is…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-16 Radu Balan , Naveed Haghani , Maneesh Singh

Quantization neural networks (QNNs) are very attractive to the industry because their extremely cheap calculation and storage overhead, but their performance is still worse than that of networks with full-precision parameters. Most of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Chuanjian Liu , Kai Han , Yunhe Wang , Hanting Chen , Qi Tian , Chunjing Xu

High-dimensional models often have a large memory footprint and must be quantized after training before being deployed on resource-constrained edge devices for inference tasks. In this work, we develop an information-theoretic framework for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Rajarshi Saha , Mert Pilanci , Andrea J. Goldsmith

Recurrent neural networks have achieved excellent performance in many applications. However, on portable devices with limited resources, the models are often too large to deploy. For applications on the server with large scale concurrent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-02 Chen Xu , Jianqiang Yao , Zhouchen Lin , Wenwu Ou , Yuanbin Cao , Zhirong Wang , Hongbin Zha

In deep image compression, uniform quantization is applied to latent representations obtained by using an auto-encoder architecture for reducing bits and entropy coding. Quantization is a problem encountered in the end-to-end training of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-02 Koki Tsubota , Kiyoharu Aizawa

We present an overview of techniques for quantizing convolutional neural networks for inference with integer weights and activations. Per-channel quantization of weights and per-layer quantization of activations to 8-bits of precision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Raghuraman Krishnamoorthi

Optimizer states are a major source of memory consumption for training neural networks, limiting the maximum trainable model within given memory budget. Compressing the optimizer states from 32-bit floating points to lower bitwidth is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Bingrui Li , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu

Rapid advances in GPU hardware and multiple areas of Deep Learning open up a new opportunity for billion-scale information retrieval with exhaustive search. Building on top of the powerful concept of semantic learning, this paper proposes a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Ying Shan , Jian Jiao , Jie Zhu , JC Mao

Embedding models have become essential tools in both natural language processing and computer vision, enabling efficient semantic search, recommendation, clustering, and more. However, the high memory and computational demands of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Jiayi Chen , Chen Wu , Shaoqun Zhang , Nan Li , Liangjie Zhang , Qi Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various domains, but they are constrained by massive computational and storage costs. Quantization, an effective technique for compressing models to fit resource-limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Han Liu , Haotian Gao , Xiaotong Zhang , Changya Li , Feng Zhang , Wei Wang , Fenglong Ma , Hong Yu

Deep neural network (DNN) deployment has been confined to larger hardware devices due to their expensive computational requirements. This challenge has recently reached another scale with the emergence of large language models (LLMs). In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Edouard Yvinec , Arnaud Dapogny , Kevin Bailly