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Related papers: Post-Training 4-bit Quantization on Embedding Tabl…

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For large language models (LLMs), post-training quantization (PTQ) can significantly reduce memory footprint and computational overhead. Model quantization is rapidly evolving. Though many papers report breakthrough results, they are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yutong Liu , Cairong Zhao , Guosheng Hu

In deep learning, embeddings are widely used to represent categorical entities such as words, apps, and movies. An embedding layer maps each entity to a unique vector, causing the layer's memory requirement to be proportional to the number…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Niketan Pansare , Jay Katukuri , Aditya Arora , Frank Cipollone , Riyaaz Shaik , Noyan Tokgozoglu , Chandru Venkataraman

Model compression has gained a lot of attention due to its ability to reduce hardware resource requirements significantly while maintaining accuracy of DNNs. Model compression is especially useful for memory-intensive recurrent neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Dongsoo Lee , Byeongwook Kim

Multi-bit quantization networks enable flexible deployment of deep neural networks by supporting multiple precision levels within a single model. However, existing approaches suffer from significant training overhead as full-dataset updates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jinhee Kim , Jae Jun An , Kang Eun Jeon , Jong Hwan Ko

Deep neural networks are widely deployed with quantization techniques to reduce memory and computational costs by lowering the numerical precision of their parameters. While quantization alters model parameters and their outputs, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Chenxiang Zhang , Tongxi Qu , Zhong Li , Tian Zhang , Jun Pang , Sjouke Mauw

The ever-growing size of neural networks poses serious challenges on resource-constrained devices, such as embedded sensors. Compression algorithms that reduce their size can mitigate these problems, provided that model performance stays…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Alexander Conzelmann , Robert Bamler

Quantization plays an important role in the energy-efficient deployment of deep neural networks on resource-limited devices. Post-training quantization is highly desirable since it does not require retraining or access to the full training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Jun Fang , Ali Shafiee , Hamzah Abdel-Aziz , David Thorsley , Georgios Georgiadis , Joseph Hassoun

As soon as abstract mathematical computations were adapted to computation on digital computers, the problem of efficient representation, manipulation, and communication of the numerical values in those computations arose. Strongly related…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Amir Gholami , Sehoon Kim , Zhen Dong , Zhewei Yao , Michael W. Mahoney , Kurt Keutzer

In recent years, model quantization for face recognition has gained prominence. Traditionally, compressing models involved vast datasets like the 5.8 million-image MS1M dataset as well as extensive training times, raising the question of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-29 William Gazali , Jocelyn Michelle Kho , Joshua Santoso , Williem

Deep neural networks have been proven effective in a wide range of tasks. However, their high computational and memory costs make them impractical to deploy on resource-constrained devices. To address this issue, quantization schemes have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Jie Hu , Mengze Zeng , Enhua Wu

Deep learning as a means to inferencing has proliferated thanks to its versatility and ability to approach or exceed human-level accuracy. These computational models have seemingly insatiable appetites for computational resources not only…

We propose a novel 2-stage sub 8-bit quantization aware training algorithm for all components of a 250K parameter feedforward, streaming, state-free keyword spotting model. For the 1st-stage, we adapt a recently proposed quantization…

Representation Learning on Knowledge Graphs (KGs) is essential for downstream tasks. The dominant approach, KG Embedding (KGE), represents entities with independent vectors and faces the scalability challenge. Recent studies propose an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Jiaang Li , Quan Wang , Yi Liu , Licheng Zhang , Zhendong Mao

Despite the success of CNN models on a variety of Image classification and segmentation tasks, their extensive computational and storage demands pose considerable challenges for real-world deployment on resource-constrained devices.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Ahmed Luqman , Khuzemah Qazi , Murray Patterson , Malik Jahan Khan , Imdadullah Khan

Compressing neural networks by quantizing model parameters offers useful trade-off between performance and efficiency. Methods like quantization-aware training and post-training quantization strive to maintain the downstream performance of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Thomas Woergaard , Raghavendra Selvan

Large embedding tables are indispensable in modern recommendation systems, thanks to their ability to effectively capture and memorize intricate details of interactions among diverse entities. As we explore integrating large embedding…

The biggest challenge for the deployment of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) close to the generated data on edge devices is their size, i.e., memory footprint and computational complexity. Both are significantly reduced with quantization. With…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Cecilia Latotzke , Batuhan Balim , Tobias Gemmeke

Accurate click-through rate (CTR) prediction is vital for online advertising and recommendation systems. Recent deep learning advancements have improved the ability to capture feature interactions and understand user interests. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Kefan Wang , Hao Wang , Kenan Song , Wei Guo , Kai Cheng , Zhi Li , Yong Liu , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) converts pre-trained Full-Precision (FP) models into quantized versions without training. While existing methods reduce size and computational costs, they also significantly degrade performance and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Boyang Zhang , Daning Cheng , Yunquan Zhang , Jiake Tian , Jing Li , Fangming Liu

The inherent heavy computation of deep neural networks prevents their widespread applications. A widely used method for accelerating model inference is quantization, by replacing the input operands of a network using fixed-point values.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Hongwei Xie , Shuo Zhang , Huanghao Ding , Yafei Song , Baitao Shao , Conggang Hu , Ling Cai , Mingyang Li