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We present a benchmark set for Traveling salesman problem (TSP) with characteristics that are different from the existing benchmark sets. In particular, we focus on small instances which prove to be challenging for one or more…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Pouya Baniasadi , Vladimir Ejov , Michael Haythorpe , Serguei Rossomakhine

The Edge Assembly Crossover (EAX) algorithm is the state-of-the-art heuristic for solving the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP). It regularly outperforms other methods, such as the Lin-Kernighan-Helsgaun heuristic (LKH), across diverse…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Jonathan Heins , Darrell Whitley , Pascal Kerschke

A common strategy for improving optimization algorithms is to restart the algorithm when it is believed to be trapped in an inferior part of the search space. However, while specific restart strategies have been developed for specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-09-14 Tobias Friedrich , Timo Kötzing , Markus Wagner

This paper addresses the Traveling Salesman Problem with Drone (TSP-D), in which a truck and drone are used to deliver parcels to customers. The objective of this problem is to either minimize the total operational cost (min-cost TSP-D) or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Quang Minh Ha , Yves Deville , Quang Dung Pham , Minh Hoàng Hà

Combinatorial optimization problems are foundational challenges in fields such as artificial intelligence, logistics, and network design. Traditional algorithms, including greedy methods and dynamic programming, often struggle to balance…

The many-visits traveling salesperson problem (MV-TSP) asks for an optimal tour of $n$ cities that visits each city $c$ a prescribed number $k_c$ of times. Travel costs may be asymmetric, and visiting a city twice in a row may incur a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-22 André Berger , László Kozma , Matthias Mnich , Roland Vincze

We present a map from the travelling salesman problem (TSP), a prototypical NP-complete combinatorial optimisation task, to the ground state associated with a system of many-qudits. Conventionally, the TSP is cast into a quadratic…

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), finding a minimal weighted Hamilton cycle in a graph, is a typical problem in operation research and combinatorial optimization. In this paper, based on some novel properties on Hamilton graphs, we…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Heping Jiang

Proposed initially from a practical circumstance, the traveling salesman problem caught the attention of numerous economists, computer scientists, and mathematicians. These theorists were instead intrigued by seeking a systemic way to find…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Linglong Dai

The Colored Points Traveling Salesman Problem (Colored Points TSP) is introduced in this work as a novel variation of the traditional Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) in which the set of points is partitioned into multiple classes, each of…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Saeed Asaeedi

The Multiple Travelling Salesman Problem (MTSP) is among the most interesting combinatorial optimization problems because it is widely adopted in real-life applications, including robotics, transportation, networking, etc. Although the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Omar Cheikhrouhou , Ines Khoufi

In this paper, we present a polynomial-sized linear programming formulation of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The proposed linear program is a network flow-based model. Numerical implementation issues and results are discussed. (The…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-07-11 Moustapha Diaby

In logistic applications that require the pickup and delivery of items, route optimization problems can be modeled as precedence constrained traveling salesperson problems. The combinatorial nature of this problem restricts the application…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-23 Mithun Goutham , Stephanie Stockar

The Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (MTSP) extends the traveling salesman problem by assigning multiple salesmen to visit a set of targets from a common depot, with each target visited exactly once while minimizing total tour length. A…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Abhay Singh Bhadoriya , Deepjyoti Deka , Kaarthik Sundar

In the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), a salesman wants to visit a set of cities and return home. There is a cost $c_{ij}$ of traveling from city $i$ to city $j$, which is the same in either direction for the Symmetric TSP. The objective…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Robert D. Carr , Neil Simonetti

We introduce the $L_p$ Traveling Salesman Problem ($L_p$-TSP), given by an origin, a set of destinations, and underlying distances. The objective is to schedule a destination visit sequence for a traveler of unit speed to minimize the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Majid Farhadi , Alejandro Toriello , Prasad Tetali

The Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (mTSP) extends the Traveling Salesman Problem to m tours that start and end at a common depot and jointly visit all customers exactly once. In the min-max variant, the objective is to minimize the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Guillem Rodríguez-Corominas , Maria J. Blesa , Christian Blum

We consider the online traveling salesman problem on the real line (OLTSPL) in which a salesman begins at the origin, traveling at no faster than unit speed along the real line, and wants to serve a sequence of requests, arriving online…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Pei-Chuan Chen , Erik D. Demaine , Chung-Shou Liao , Hao-Ting Wei

We present a 1.91457-approximation algorithm for the prize-collecting travelling salesman problem. This is obtained by combining a randomized variant of a rounding algorithm of Bienstock et al. and a primal-dual algorithm of Goemans and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-10-06 Michel X. Goemans

We present a new $(\frac32+\frac1{\mathrm{e}})$-approximation algorithm for the Ordered Traveling Salesperson Problem (Ordered TSP). Ordered TSP is a variant of the classical metric Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) where a specified…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Susanne Armbruster , Matthias Mnich , Martin Nägele