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We derive the conservative part of the Lagrangian and the energy of a gravitationally bound two-body system at fourth post-Newtonian order, up to terms quadratic in the Newton constant. We also show that such terms are compatible with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-03-14 Stefano Foffa , Riccardo Sturani

Let a number, N, of particles interact classically through Newton's Laws of Motion and Newton's inverse square Law of Gravitation. The resulting equations of motion provide an approximate mathematical model with numerous applications in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Douglas C. Heggie

We prove the existence of periodic solutions of the restricted $(2N+1)$-body problem when the $2N$-primaries move on a periodic Hip-Hop solution and the massless body moves on the line that contains the center of mass and is perpendicular…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-10-05 Andres Rivera , Oscar Perdomo , Nelson Castaneda

The Lagrangian, the Hamiltonian and the constant of motion of the gravitational attraction of two bodies when one of them has variable mass is considered. The relative and center of mass coordinates are not separated, and choosing the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gustavo Lopez

We develop the canonical formalism for a system of $N$ bodies in lineal gravity and obtain exact solutions to the equations of motion for N=2. The determining equation of the Hamiltonian is derived in the form of a transcendental equation,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 R. B. Mann , D. Robbins , T. Ohta

Consider n=2l>=4 point particles with equal masses in space, subject to the following symmetry constraint: at each instant they form an orbit of the dihedral group D_l, where D_l is the group of order 2l generated by two rotations of angle…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2009-11-13 Davide L. Ferrario , Alessandro Portaluri

We report on figure-eight choreographic solutions to a system of three identical particles interacting through a potential of Lennard-Jones type, $1/r^{12}-1/r^6$ where $r$ is a distance between the particles. By numerical search, we found…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-01-07 Hiroshi Fukuda , Toshiaki Fujiwara , Hiroshi Ozaki

Relativistic systems of particles interacting pairwise at a distance (interactions not mediated by fields) in flat spacetime are studied. It is assumed that the interactions propagate at the speed of light in vacuum and that all masses are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Domingo J. Louis-Martinez

We consider a question of finding a periodic solution for the planar Newtonian N-body problem with equal masses, where each body is travelling along the same closed path. We provide a computer assisted proof for the following facts: local…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2009-11-10 Tomasz Kapela , Piotr Zgliczynski

In this work we introduce a planar restricted four-body problem where a massless particle moves under the gravitational influence due to three bodies following the eight figure choreography, and we explore some symmetric periodic orbits of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-10-29 Ricardo Lara , Abimael Bengochea

We study the Newton-like problem of minimal resistance for a two-dimensional body moving with constant velocity in a homogeneous rarefied medium of moving particles. The distribution of the particles over velocities is centrally symmetric.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alexander Yu. Plakhov , Delfim F. M. Torres

We construct the Lagrangian formulation of a micro-structured spinning, dilating and shearing (deformable) test body, moving in arbitrary non-Riemannian backgrounds possessing all geometrical entities of curvature, torsion and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-19 Damianos Iosifidis

The present paper derives the post-Newtonian Lagrangian of translational motion of N arbitrary-structured bodies with all mass and spin multipoles in a scalar-tensor theory of gravity. The multipoles depend on time and evolve in accordance…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-21 Sergei M. Kopeikin

Equations of a rotating body with one point constrained to move freely on a plane (dancing top) are deduced from the Lagrangian variational problem. They formally look like the Euler-Poisson equations of a heavy body with fixed point,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-10-06 Alexei A. Deriglazov

We consider an $N$--body problem under a harmonic potential of the form $\frac{1}{2}\sum \kappa_{jl} |q_j-q_l|^2$. A $p$-lima\c{c}on curve is a planar curve parametrized by $t$ given by $a(\cos t,\sin t)+b(\cos pt, \sin pt)$, where $a,b\in…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-05-01 Manuel Fernandez-Guasti , Toshiaki Fujiwara , Ernesto Perez-Chavela , Shuqiang Zhu

We use Dirac's constraint dynamics to obtain a Hamiltonian formulation of the relativistic N-body problem in a separable two-body basis in which the particles interact pair-wise through scalar and vector interactions. The resultant N-body…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-06 Cheuk-Yin Wong , Horace W. Crater

The family of planar linear chains are found as collision-free action minimizers of the spatial $N$-body problem with equal masses under $D_N$ or $D_N \times \zz_2$-symmetry constraint and different types of topological constraints. This…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-05-02 Guowei Yu

By defining a regular gauge which is conformal-like and provides instantaneous field propagation, we investigate classical solutions of (2+1)-Gravity coupled to arbitrarily moving point-like particles. We show how to separate field…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 A. Bellini , M. Ciafaloni , P. Valtancoli

Within the context of Newton's theory of gravitation, restricted to point-like test particles and central bodies, stable circular orbits in ordinary space are related to stable circular paths on a massless, unmovable, undeformable…

Classical Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 R. Caimmi

From the simple Lagrangian the equations of motion for the particle with spin are derived. The spin is shown to be conserved on the particle world-line. In the absence of a spin the equation coincides with that of a geodesic. The equations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Zafar Turakulov , Margarita Safonova