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The 6th problem of the 50th International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), held in Germany, 2009, was the following. Let $a_1,a_2,...,a_n$ be distinct positive integers and let $M$ be a set of $n-1$ positive integers not containing…
In this paper, we generalise an interesting geometry problem from the 1995 edition of the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) using analytic geometry tools.
The mathematical problems and their solutions of the Third International Students' Olympiad in Cryptography NSUCRYPTO'2016 are presented. We consider mathematical problems related to the construction of algebraic immune vectorial Boolean…
We discuss here some computational aspects of the Combinatorial Nullstellensatz argument. Our main result shows that the order of magnitude of the symmetry group associated with permutations of the variables in algebraic constraints,…
We present different techniques for applying Combinatorial Nullstellensatz to polynomials over finite fields. For examples, we generalize theorems from Noga Alon's paper on the subject, and present a few of our own.
The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is perhaps the most celebrated mental competition in the world and as such is among the greatest grand challenges for Artificial Intelligence (AI). The IMO Grand Challenge, recently formulated,…
Using polynomial equations to model combinatorial problems has been a popular tool both in computational combinatorics as well as an approach to proving new theorems. In this paper, we look at several combinatorics problems modeled by…
We show that Hilbert's Nullstellensatz, the problem of deciding if a system of multivariate polynomial equations has a solution in the algebraic closure of the underlying field, lies in the counting hierarchy. More generally, we show that…
This is the first part of a series of papers aiming to show how trigonometry and analytic tools can help into tackling demanding Olympiad geometry problems. We present several novel techniques for tackling hard problems from various…
The spherical grasshopper problem is a geometric optimization problem that arises in the context of Bell inequalities and can be interpreted as identifying the best local hidden variable approximation to quantum singlet correlations for…
Systems of polynomial equations over an algebraically-closed field K can be used to concisely model many combinatorial problems. In this way, a combinatorial problem is feasible (e.g., a graph is 3-colorable, hamiltonian, etc.) if and only…
Many physical problems can be formulated as operator equations of the form Au = f. If these operator equations are ill-posed, we then resort to finding the approximate solutions numerically. Ill-posed problems can be found in the fields of…
We present a method for solving polynomial equations over idempotent omega-continuous semirings. The idea is to iterate over the semiring of functions rather than the semiring of interest, and only evaluate when needed. The key operation is…
We address, through the automated reasoning tools in GeoGebra Discovery, a problem from a regional phase of the Austrian Mathematics Olympiad 2023. Trying to solve this problem gives rise to four different kind of feedback: the almost…
Multiobjective discrete programming is a well-known family of optimization problems with a large spectrum of applications. The linear case has been tackled by many authors during the last years. However, the polynomial case has not been…
Problems and their solutions of the Fifth International Students' Olympiad in cryptography NSUCRYPTO'2018 are presented. We consider problems related to attacks on ciphers and hash functions, Boolean functions, quantum circuits, Enigma,…
A Nullstellensatz is a theorem providing information on polynomials that vanish on a certain set: David Hilbert's Nullstellensatz (1893) is a cornerstone of algebraic geometry, and Noga Alon's Combinatorial Nullstellensatz (1999) is a…
The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is widely regarded as the world championship of high-school mathematics. IMO problems are renowned for their difficulty and novelty, demanding deep insight, creativity, and rigor. Although large…
We present the problems and solutions to the 63rd Annual International Mathematical Olympiad.
We present the problems and solutions to the 61st Annual International Mathematical Olympiad