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Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are the major drivers of Space Weather (SWx), so predicting their arrival at Earth is a major aspect of SWx forecasting. Despite increasingly complex models proposed over the past decades, the mean absolute…

Space Physics · Physics 2025-08-18 Syed Raza , Talwinder Singh , Nikolai Pogorelov

Solar flares create adverse space weather impacting space and Earth-based technologies. However, the difficulty of forecasting flares, and by extension severe space weather, is accentuated by the lack of any unique flare trigger or a single…

Producing high-quality forecasts of key climate variables, such as temperature and precipitation, on subseasonal time scales has long been a gap in operational forecasting. This study explores an application of machine learning (ML) models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Elena Orlova , Haokun Liu , Raphael Rossellini , Benjamin A. Cash , Rebecca Willett

The foundations of all methodologies for the measurement and verification (M&V) of energy savings are based on the same five key principles: accuracy, completeness, conservatism, consistency and transparency. The most widely accepted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-26 Colm V. Gallagher , Kevin Leahy , Peter O'Donovan , Ken Bruton , Dominic T. J. O'Sullivan

Among several heliophysical and geophysical quantities, the accurate evolution of the solar irradiance is fundamental to forecast the evolution of the neutral and ionized components of the Earth's atmosphere.We developed an artificial…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-11-23 Luis Eduardo A. Vieira , Thierry Dudok de Wit , Matthieu Kretzschmar

The widespread utilisation of grid-integrated wind electricity necessitates accurate and reliable wind speed forecasting to ensure stable grid and quality power. Machine learning algorithm based wind speed forecasting models are getting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-08-13 Valsaraj Perumpalot , G. V. Drisya , K. Satheesh Kumar

This paper explores the potential of a hybrid modeling approach that combines machine learning (ML) with conventional physics-based modeling for weather prediction beyond the medium range. It extends the work of Arcomano et al. (2022),…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Dhruvit Patel , Troy Arcomano , Brian Hunt , Istvan Szunyogh , Edward Ott

Knowing the behavior of solar radiation at a geographic location is essential for the use of energy from the sun using photovoltaic systems; however, the number of stations for measuring meteorological parameters and for determining the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Luis Eduardo Ordoñez Palacios , Víctor Bucheli Guerrero , Hugo Ordoñez

Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) form a critical component of Space Weather. The complex, intertwined dynamics of SEP sources, acceleration, and transport make their forecasting very challenging. Yet, information about SEP arrival and their…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-26 Maher A. Dayeh , Subhamoy Chatterjee , Andres Munoz-Jaramillo , Kimberly Moreland , Hazel M. Bain , Samuel Hart

Machine learning enables rapid estimation of material parameters in solar cells via neural-network-based surrogate models. However, the reliability of extracted parameters depends on underlying assumptions such as the choice of…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-02-11 Eunchi Kim , Thomas Kirchartz

Purpose: The subject of research is the spatio-temporal charged particles in the Earth's magnetosphere outside the South Atlantic magnetic Anomaly during the 11-year cycle of solar activity minimum. The work aims at searching for and…

Space Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 O. V. Dudnik , O. V. Yakovlev

Numerical weather prediction has traditionally been based on physical models of the atmosphere. Recently, however, the rise of deep learning has created increased interest in purely data-driven medium-range weather forecasting with first…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 Stephan Rasp , Nils Thuerey

Solar radiation prediction is an important challenge for the electrical engineer because it is used to estimate the power developed by commercial photovoltaic modules. This paper deals with the problem of solar radiation prediction based on…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2013-08-19 Giacomo Capizzi , Christian Napoli , Francesco Bonanno

Predictions on subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) timescales--ranging from two weeks to two month--are crucial for early warning systems but remain challenging owing to chaos in the climate system. Teleconnections, such as the stratospheric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Philine L. Bommer , Marlene Kretschmer , Fiona R. Spuler , Kirill Bykov , Marina M. -C. Höhne

Space weather indices are used commonly to drive forecasts of thermosphere density, which directly affects objects in low-Earth orbit (LEO) through atmospheric drag. One of the most commonly used space weather proxies, $F_{10.7 cm}$,…

Space Physics · Physics 2023-06-06 Joshua D. Daniell , Piyush M. Mehta

Accurate medium-range precipitation forecasting is crucial for hydrometeorological risk management and disaster mitigation, yet remains challenging for current numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. Traditional ensemble systems such as…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Tianyi Xiong , Haonan Chen

The rapid rise of deep learning (DL) in numerical weather prediction (NWP) has led to a proliferation of models which forecast atmospheric variables with comparable or superior skill than traditional physics-based NWP. However, among these…

Solar Energetic Particle (SEPs) with energies ranging from tens of keV to a few GeV, are a significant component in the description of the space environment. In this work, the HESPERIA REleASE product is emphasized, which, based on the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-24 Olga Malandraki , Michalis Karavolos , Arik Posner , Kostas Tziotziou , Henrik Droege , Bernd Heber , Patrick Kuehl

How the solar wind influences the magnetospheres of the outer planets is a fundamentally important question, but is difficult to answer in the absence of consistent, simultaneous monitoring of the upstream solar wind and the large-scale…

Space Physics · Physics 2024-03-01 M. J. Rutala , C. M. Jackman , M. J. Owens , C. Tao , A. R. Fogg , S. A. Murray , L. Barnard

Accurate estimation of thermospheric density is critical for precise modeling of satellite drag forces in low Earth orbit (LEO). Improving this estimation is crucial to tasks such as state estimation, collision avoidance, and re-entry…