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Classical and quantum field theory provide not only realistic examples of extant notions of empirical equivalence, but also new notions of empirical equivalence, both modal and occurrent. A simple but modern gravitational case goes back to…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2016-06-23 J. Brian Pitts

Studies of geometrical theories suggest that fundmental problems of quantization arise from the disparate usage of displacement operators. These may be the source of a concealed inconsistency in the accepted formalism of quantum physics.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel C. Galehouse

The Euclidean version of the Yang-Mills theory is studied in four dimensions. The field is expressed non-linearly in terms of the basic variables. The field is developed inductively, adding one excitation at a time. A given excitation is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-01 Paul Federbush

A covariant description of the canonical theory for interacting classical fields is developed on a space-like hypersurface. An identity invariant under the canonical transformations is obtained. The identity follows a canonical equation in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-25 Hiroshi Ozaki

The classical and quantum evolution of a generic probability distribution is analyzed. To that end, a formalism based on the decomposition of the distribution in terms of its statistical moments is used, which makes explicit the differences…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-04 David Brizuela

Three of the big puzzles of theoretical physics are the following: (i) There is apparently no time evolution in the dynamics of quantum general relativity, because the allowed quantum states must obey the Hamiltonian constraint. (ii) During…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-29 Shreya Banerjee , Sayantani Bera , Tejinder P. Singh

A perturbative regime based on contortion as a dynamical variable and metric as a (classical) fixed background, is performed in the context of a pure Yang-Mills formulation for gravity in a $2+1$ dimensional space-time. In the massless case…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-05 Rolando Gaitan Deveras

Symplectic quantization is a functional approach to quantum field theory that allows sampling of quantum fluctuations directly in Minkowski space time by means of a Hamiltonian dynamics in an intrinsic time $\tau$ which samples a…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2026-05-28 Francesco Scardino , Martina Giachello , Giacomo Gradenigo

In this review, we focus on whether a canonical quantization of general relativity can produce testable predictions for cosmology. In particular, we examine how this approach can be used to model the evolution of primordial perturbations.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-20 Leonardo Chataignier , Claus Kiefer , Paulo Moniz

The descriptions of the quantum realm and the macroscopic classical world differ significantly not only in their mathematical formulations but also in their foundational concepts and philosophical consequences. When and how physical systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-02 Johannes Kofler

We quantize the interaction of gravity with Yang-Mills and spinor fields, hence offering a quantum theory incorporating all four fundamental forces of nature. Let us\ann{as} abbreviate the spatial Hamilton functions of the Standard Model by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-02 Claus Gerhardt

In this and a companion paper, we show that quantum field theories with gauge symmetries permit a broader class of classical dynamics than typically assumed. In this article, we show that the dynamics extracted from the path integral or…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-05-04 David E. Kaplan , Tom Melia , Surjeet Rajendran

We study quantized Yang-Mills theory with massive vector fields in the framework of causal perturbation theory. The most general form of the interaction which is invariant under operator gauge transformations is pointed out. The generator…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Frank Krahe

Quantum geometrodynamics with intrinsic time development is presented. Paradigm shift from full space-time covariance to spatial diffeomorphism invariance yields a non-vanishing Hamiltonian, a resolution of the `problem of time', and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-12-16 Chopin Soo

By regarding gravity as the convolution of left and right Yang-Mills theories together with a spectator scalar field in the bi-adjoint representation, we derive in linearised approximation the gravitational symmetries of general covariance,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-12-10 A. Anastasiou , L. Borsten , M. J. Duff , L. J. Hughes , S. Nagy

Marchesini showed that the Fokker-Planck Hamiltonian for Yang-Mills theories is the loop operator. Jevicki and Rodrigues showed that the Fokker-Planck Hamiltonian of some matrix models co\"\i ncides with temporal gauge non-critical string…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Vipul Periwal

In earlier work we have given a Hamiltonian analysis of Yang-Mills theory in (2+1) dimensions showing how a mass gap could arise. In this paper, generalizing and covariantizing from the mass term in the Hamiltonian analysis, we obtain two…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 D. Karabali , C. Kim , V. P. Nair

It is expected that a quantum theory of gravity will radically alter our current notion of spacetime geometry. However, contrary to what was commonly assumed for many decades, quantum gravity effects could manifest in scales much larger…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-14 Eduardo A. B. Oliveira , Andre G. S. Landulfo

An unusual four-dimensional generally covariant and supersymmetric SU(2) gauge theory is described. The theory has propagating degrees of freedom, and is invariant under a local (left-handed) chiral supersymmetry, which is half the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Viqar Husain

The concept of freely falling frames suggests that gravity exhibits a local Lorentz gauge symmetry and requires a background Minkowski reference frame. The gauge vector fields of a Yang-Mills-type theory can be constructed from the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-09 Hans Christian Öttinger