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Balancing exploration and exploitation is a central goal in reinforcement learning (RL). Despite recent advances in enhancing large language model (LLM) reasoning, most methods lean toward exploitation, and increasingly encounter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Daixuan Cheng , Shaohan Huang , Xuekai Zhu , Bo Dai , Wayne Xin Zhao , Zhenliang Zhang , Furu Wei

Crafting effective reward signals remains a central challenge in Reinforcement Learning (RL), especially for complex reasoning tasks. Existing automated reward optimization methods typically rely on derivative-free search heuristics that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Sitao Cheng , Tianle Li , Xuhan Huang , Xunjian Yin , Difan Zou

Deep ensembles (DE) have been successful in improving model performance by learning diverse members via the stochasticity of random initialization. While recent works have attempted to promote further diversity in DE via hyperparameters or…

Reinforcement Learning has drawn huge interest as a tool for solving optimal control problems. Solving a given problem (task or environment) involves converging towards an optimal policy. However, there might exist multiple optimal policies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Simo Alami. C , Fernando Llorente , Rim Kaddah , Luca Martino , Jesse Read

Imitation learning is a central problem in reinforcement learning where the goal is to learn a policy that mimics the expert's behavior. In practice, it is often challenging to learn the expert policy from a limited number of demonstrations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Heyang Zhao , Xingrui Yu , David M. Bossens , Ivor W. Tsang , Quanquan Gu

The authors of 'Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning in Multiple environments' propose a method, alpha-MEPOL, to tackle unsupervised RL across multiple environments. They pre-train a task-agnostic exploration policy using interactions from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Shaurya Dewan , Anisha Jain , Zoe LaLena , Lifan Yu

Multi-agent path finding (MAPF) is an abstract model for the navigation of multiple robots in warehouse automation, where multiple robots plan collision-free paths from the start to goal positions. Reinforcement learning (RL) has been…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Jianqi Gao , Yanjie Li , Xiaoqing Yang , Mingshan Tan

The objective of a reinforcement learning agent is to discover better actions through exploration. However, typical exploration techniques aim to maximize rewards, often incurring high costs in both exploration and learning processes. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Akane Tsuboya , Yu Kono , Tatsuji Takahashi

Learning diverse policies for non-prehensile manipulation is essential for improving skill transfer and generalization to out-of-distribution scenarios. In this work, we enhance exploration through a two-fold approach within a hybrid…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Huy Le , Tai Hoang , Miroslav Gabriel , Gerhard Neumann , Ngo Anh Vien

Multi-modal recommendation systems aim to enhance performance by integrating an item's content features across various modalities with user behavior data. Effective utilization of features from different modalities requires addressing two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Hang Zhou , Yucheng Wang , Huijing Zhan

This effort is focused on examining the behavior of reinforcement learning systems in personalization environments and detailing the differences in policy entropy associated with the type of learning algorithm utilized. We demonstrate that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Anton Dereventsov , Andrew Starnes , Clayton G. Webster

A default assumption in the design of reinforcement-learning algorithms is that a decision-making agent always explores to learn optimal behavior. In sufficiently complex environments that approach the vastness and scale of the real world,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Dilip Arumugam , Saurabh Kumar , Ramki Gummadi , Benjamin Van Roy

Differential evolution (DE) algorithm is recognized as one of the most effective evolutionary algorithms, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in black-box optimization due to its derivative-free nature. Numerous enhancements to the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Xu Yang , Rui Wang , Kaiwen Li , Ling Wang

Reinforcement learning algorithms are typically limited to learning a single solution for a specified task, even though diverse solutions often exist. Recent studies showed that learning a set of diverse solutions is beneficial because…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-14 Takayuki Osa , Voot Tangkaratt , Masashi Sugiyama

Representation learning is currently a very hot topic in modern machine learning, mostly due to the great success of the deep learning methods. In particular low-dimensional representation which discriminates classes can not only enhance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-04-13 Wojciech Marian Czarnecki , Rafał Józefowicz , Jacek Tabor

The optimal way for a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agent to explore is to learn a set of skills that achieves a uniform distribution of states. Following this,we introduce DisTop, a new model that simultaneously learns diverse skills…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Arthur Aubret , Laetitia matignon , Salima Hassas

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable generative performance, yet their output quality is dependent on the decoding strategy. While sampling-based methods (e.g., top-k, nucleus) and search-and-select based methods (e.g., beam…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Benjamin Patrick Evans , Sumitra Ganesh , Leo Ardon

Reinforcement learning (RL) with sparse and deceptive rewards is challenging because non-zero rewards are rarely obtained. Hence, the gradient calculated by the agent can be stochastic and without valid information. Recent studies that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Guojian Wang , Faguo Wu , Xiao Zhang , Jianxiang Liu

An agent learning through interactions should balance its action selection process between probing the environment to discover new rewards and using the information acquired in the past to adopt useful behaviour. This trade-off is usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Lucas Beyer , Damien Vincent , Olivier Teboul , Sylvain Gelly , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is a powerful paradigm for enhancing the reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs). Yet current RLVR methods often explore poorly, leading to premature convergence and entropy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Runpeng Dai , Linfeng Song , Haolin Liu , Zhenwen Liang , Dian Yu , Haitao Mi , Zhaopeng Tu , Rui Liu , Tong Zheng , Hongtu Zhu , Dong Yu