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Human evaluations are typically considered the gold standard in natural language generation, but as models' fluency improves, how well can evaluators detect and judge machine-generated text? We run a study assessing non-experts' ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Elizabeth Clark , Tal August , Sofia Serrano , Nikita Haduong , Suchin Gururangan , Noah A. Smith

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has ushered in an era where AI-generated text is increasingly indistinguishable from human-generated content. Detecting AI-generated text has become imperative to combat misinformation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Ye Zhang , Qian Leng , Mengran Zhu , Rui Ding , Yue Wu , Jintong Song , Yulu Gong

Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) may enable artificial intelligence (AI) models to generate writing that is identical to human written form in the future. This might have profound ethical, legal, and social…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Nuzhat Prova

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models and publicly available ChatGPT has marked a significant turning point in the integration of Artificial Intelligence into people's everyday lives. The academic community has taken notice of…

We conduct a large-scale, systematic study to evaluate the existing evaluation methods for natural language generation in the context of generating online product reviews. We compare human-based evaluators with a variety of automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Cristina Garbacea , Samuel Carton , Shiyan Yan , Qiaozhu Mei

Many text generation tasks naturally contain two steps: content selection and surface realization. Current neural encoder-decoder models conflate both steps into a black-box architecture. As a result, the content to be described in the text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Xiaoyu Shen , Jun Suzuki , Kentaro Inui , Hui Su , Dietrich Klakow , Satoshi Sekine

Following the universal availability of generative AI systems with the release of ChatGPT, automatic detection of deceptive text created by Large Language Models has focused on domains such as academic plagiarism and "fake news". However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Andrea Cristina McGlinchey , Peter J Barclay

A new generation of AI models generates step-by-step reasoning text before producing an answer. This text appears to offer a human-readable window into their computation process, and is increasingly relied upon for transparency and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Mosh Levy , Zohar Elyoseph , Yoav Goldberg

Large language models have catalyzed an unprecedented wave in code generation. While achieving significant advances, they blur the distinctions between machine- and human-authored source code, causing integrity and authenticity issues of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Yuling Shi , Hongyu Zhang , Chengcheng Wan , Xiaodong Gu

The ability to reliably distinguish human-written text from that generated by large language models is of profound societal importance. The dominant approach to this problem exploits the likelihood hypothesis: that machine-generated text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Tom Kempton , Viktor Drobnyi , Maeve Madigan , Stuart Burrell

Generic generation and manipulation of text is challenging and has limited success compared to recent deep generative modeling in visual domain. This paper aims at generating plausible natural language sentences, whose attributes are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Zhiting Hu , Zichao Yang , Xiaodan Liang , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Eric P. Xing

We consider the problem of distinguishing human-written creative fiction (excerpts from novels) from similar text generated by an LLM. Our results show that, while human observers perform poorly (near chance levels) on this binary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Minerva Suvanto , Andrea McGlinchey , Mattias Wahde , Peter J Barclay

High-quality text generation capability of recent Large Language Models (LLMs) causes concerns about their misuse (e.g., in massive generation/spread of disinformation). Machine-generated text (MGT) detection is important to cope with such…

This study investigates whether individuals can learn to accurately discriminate between human-written and AI-produced texts when provided with immediate feedback, and if they can use this feedback to recalibrate their self-perceived…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Jiří Milička , Anna Marklová , Ondřej Drobil , Eva Pospíšilová

The misuse of generative AI in online disinformation campaigns highlights the urgent need for transparent and explainable detection systems. In this work, we investigate how detectors for AI-generated images can be more effective in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Silvia Poletti , Justin Ilyes , Marcel Hasenbalg , David Fischinger , Martin Boyer

As large language models (LLMs) generate text that increasingly resembles human writing, the subtle cues that distinguish AI-generated content from human-written content become increasingly challenging to capture. Reliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Xiao Pu , Zepeng Cheng , Lin Yuan , Yu Wu , Xiuli Bi

Recent advances in large pre-trained language models have demonstrated strong results in generating natural languages and significantly improved performances for many natural language generation (NLG) applications such as machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Nanyun Peng

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform impressively well in various applications. However, the potential for misuse of these models in activities such as plagiarism, generating fake news, and spamming has raised concern about their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Vinu Sankar Sadasivan , Aounon Kumar , Sriram Balasubramanian , Wenxiao Wang , Soheil Feizi

Reading and evaluating product reviews is central to how most people decide what to buy and consume online. However, the recent emergence of Large Language Models and Generative Artificial Intelligence now means writing fraudulent or fake…

Our research focuses on the crucial challenge of discerning text produced by Large Language Models (LLMs) from human-generated text, which holds significance for various applications. With ongoing discussions about attaining a model with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Raghav Gaggar , Ashish Bhagchandani , Harsh Oza
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