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We present an introduction and a review of the Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL), the W3C recommendation language for validating RDF data. A SHACL document describes a set of constraints on RDF nodes, and a graph is valid with respect to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Paolo Pareti , George Konstantinidis

The Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) is a recent W3C recommendation language for validating RDF data. Specifically, SHACL documents are collections of constraints that enforce particular shapes on an RDF graph. Previous work on the topic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Paolo Pareti , George Konstantinidis , Fabio Mogavero , Timothy J. Norman

The Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) is the W3C Recommendation for validating a single RDF graph. This makes SHACL inadequate for validating data across (named) graphs in an RDF dataset. Existing workarounds, such as graph unions or…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Davan Chiem Dao , Christophe Debruyne

The Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) is the recent W3C recommendation language for validating RDF data, by verifying certain shapes on graphs. Previous work has largely focused on the validation problem and the standard decision problems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Paolo Pareti , George Konstantinidis , Fabio Mogavero

The Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) allows for formalizing constraints over RDF data graphs. A shape groups a set of constraints that may be fulfilled by nodes in the RDF graph. We investigate the problem of containment between SHACL…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Martin Leinberger , Philipp Seifer , Tjitze Rienstra , Ralf Lämmel , Steffen Staab

In constraint languages for RDF graphs, such as ShEx and SHACL, constraints on nodes and their properties in RDF graphs are known as "shapes". Schemas in these languages list the various shapes that certain targeted nodes must satisfy for…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Thomas Delva , Anastasia Dimou , Maxime Jakubowski , Jan Van den Bussche

SHACL is a W3C-proposed language for expressing structural constraints on RDF graphs. In recent years, SHACL's popularity has risen quickly. This rise in popularity comes with questions related to its place in the semantic web, particularly…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Bart Bogaerts , Maxime Jakubowski , Jan Van den Bussche

The Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) was standardized by the World Wide Web as a constraint language to describe and validate RDF data graphs. SHACL uses the notion of shapes graph to describe a set of shape constraints paired with…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Shqiponja Ahmetaj , Timo Camillo Merkl , Reinhard Pichler

SHACL (SHApe Constraint Language) is a W3C standardized constraint language for RDF graphs. In this paper, we study SHACL validation in RDF graphs under updates. We present a SHACL-based update language that can capture intuitive and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Shqiponja Ahmetaj , George Konstantinidis , Magdalena Ortiz , Paolo Pareti , Mantas Simkus

Knowledge graphs have emerged as expressive data structures for Web data. Knowledge graph potential and the demand for ecosystems to facilitate their creation, curation, and understanding, is testified in diverse domains, e.g., biomedicine.…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Mónica Figuera , Philipp D. Rohde , Maria-Esther Vidal

ASHACL, a variant of the W3C Shapes Constraint Language, is designed to determine whether an RDF graph meets some conditions. These conditions are grouped into shapes, which validate whether particular RDF terms each meet the constraints of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-10 Peter F. Patel-Schneider

Ontologies are traditionally expressed in the Web Ontology Language (OWL), that provides a syntax for expressing taxonomies with axioms regulating class membership. The semantics of OWL, based on Description Logic (DL), allows for the use…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Veronika Heimsbakk , Kristian Torkelsen

SHACL is a W3C-proposed schema language for expressing structural constraints on RDF graphs. Recent work on formalizing this language has revealed a striking relationship to description logics. SHACL expressions can use three fundamental…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Bart Bogaerts , Maxime Jakubowski , Jan Van den Bussche

SHACL (Shapes Constraint Language) expresses constraints on RDF data by means of so-called shapes. Its central service is validation: verifying whether a data graph complies with a SHACL document. But so far, there are no static analysis…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Anouk Oudshoorn , Magdalena Ortiz , Mantas Simkus

Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) is a powerful language for validating RDF data. Given the recent industry attention to Knowledge Graphs (KGs), more users need to validate linked data properly. However, traditional SHACL validation…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Gustavo Correa Publio , José Emilio Labra Gayo

The Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) is a formal language for validating RDF graphs against a set of conditions. Following this idea and implementing a subset of the language, the Metadata Quality Assessment Framework provides Shacl4Bib:…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Péter Király

Reified Input/Output (I/O) logic[21] has been recently proposed to model real-world norms in terms of the logic in [11]. This is massively grounded on the notion of reification, and it has specifically designed to model meaning of natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Livio Robaldo , Kolawole J. Adebayo

Recent studies on the Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL), a W3C specification for validating RDF graphs, rely on translating the language into first-order logic in order to provide formally-grounded solutions to the validation, containment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Paolo Pareti

SPARQL CONSTRUCT queries allow for the specification of data processing pipelines that transform given input graphs into new output graphs. It is now common to constrain graphs through SHACL shapes allowing users to understand which data…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Philipp Seifer , Daniel Hernández , Ralf Lämmel , Steffen Staab

It is a strength of graph-based data formats, like RDF, that they are very flexible with representing data. To avoid run-time errors, program code that processes highly-flexible data representations exhibits the difficulty that it must…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Martin Leinberger , Philipp Seifer , Claudia Schon , Ralf Lämmel , Steffen Staab
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