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This is an invited contribution to the 2nd edition of the Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics. We review the following algebraic structures which appear in two-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT): The symmetries of two-dimensional…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2024-12-05 Jürgen Fuchs , Christoph Schweigert , Simon Wood , Yang Yang

We develop the idea of an effective conformal theory describing the low-lying spectrum of the dilatation operator in a CFT. Such an effective theory is useful when the spectrum contains a hierarchy in the dimension of operators, and a small…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-10-11 A. Liam Fitzpatrick , Emanuel Katz , David Poland , David Simmons-Duffin

Conformal quantum field theory is reviewed in the perspective of Axiomatic, notably Algebraic QFT. This theory is particularly developped in two spacetime dimensions, where many rigorous constructions are possible, as well as some complete…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-22 Karl-Henning Rehren

We study two-dimensional (4,4) superconformal field theories of central charge c=6, corresponding to nonlinear sigma models on K3 surfaces, using the superconformal bootstrap. This is made possible through a surprising relation between the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-11-13 Ying-Hsuan Lin , Shu-Heng Shao , David Simmons-Duffin , Yifan Wang , Xi Yin

Conformal symmetry is broken in physical QCD; nevertheless, one can use conformal symmetry as a template, systematically correcting for its nonzero $\beta$ function as well as higher-twist effects. For example, commensurate scale relations…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-08-23 Stanley J. Brodsky

Two and three-point functions of primary fields in four dimensional CFT have a simple space-time dependences factored out from the combinatoric structure which enumerates the fields and gives their couplings. This has led to the formulation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-02-22 Robert de Mello Koch , Sanjaye Ramgoolam

Using the large-charge expansion, we prove a necessary condition for a CFT to exhibit conformal symmetry breaking, under the assumption that a continuous global symmetry is ${\it also}$ broken on the moduli space: there must be a tower of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-07 Gabriel Cuomo , Leonardo Rastelli , Adar Sharon

We find the form of three-point correlation functions of traceless symmetric conserved currents of arbitrary spin in d-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT). These are fixed up to several constants by conformal symmetry and current…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-07-19 Alexander Zhiboedov

We introduce a method for computing conformal blocks of operators in arbitrary Lorentz representations in any spacetime dimension, making it possible to apply bootstrap techniques to operators with spin. The key idea is to implement the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-08-23 David Simmons-Duffin

We define a 2-dimensional Ising model on a triangulated sphere, $\mathbb S^2$, designed to approach the exact conformal field theory (CFT) in the continuum limit. Surprisingly, the derivation leads to a set of geometric constraints that the…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2024-07-02 Richard C. Brower , Evan K. Owen

We derive expressions for conformal blocks involving operators with arbitrary spins in 3-dimensional CFTs. We use previous results on the action of the OPE in the embedding space to derive the conformal blocks. The blocks are given as…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-12-15 Jean-François Fortin , Jingping Li , Alex Sandomirsky , Witold Skiba

Genus two partition functions of 2d chiral conformal field theories are given by Siegel modular forms. We compute their conformal blocks and use them to perform the conformal bootstrap. The advantage of this approach is that it imposes…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-05-18 Christoph A. Keller , Gregoire Mathys , Ida G. Zadeh

Whether O(N)-invariant conformal field theory exists in five dimensions with its implication to higher-spin holography was much debated. We find an affirmative result on this question by utilizing conformal bootstrap approach. In solving…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-12-23 Jin-Beom Bae , Soo-Jong Rey

Carrollian Conformal Field Theories (CFTs) have been proposed as co-dimension one holographic duals to asymptotically flat spacetimes as opposed to Celestial CFTs which are co-dimension two. In this paper, drawing inspiration from Celestial…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-05-17 Arjun Bagchi , Prateksh Dhivakar , Sudipta Dutta

Motivated by the problem of background independence of closed string field theory we study geometry on the infinite vector bundle of local fields over the space of conformal field theories (CFT's). With any connection we can associate an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 K. Ranganathan , H. Sonoda , B. Zwiebach

Causality places nontrivial constraints on QFT in Lorentzian signature, for example fixing the signs of certain terms in the low energy Lagrangian. In d-dimensional conformal field theory, we show how such constraints are encoded in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-08-05 Thomas Hartman , Sachin Jain , Sandipan Kundu

The expectation value of a smooth conformal line defect in a CFT is a conformal invariant functional of its path in space-time. For example, in large $N$ holographic theories, these fundamental observables are dual to the open string…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-04-23 Barak Gabai , Amit Sever , De-liang Zhong

The n-point functions of any Conformal Field Theory (CFT) in $d$ dimensions can always be interpreted as spatial restrictions of corresponding functions in a higher-dimensional CFT with dimension $d'> d$. In particular, when a four-point…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-08 Ferdinando Gliozzi

We explore the space of consistent three-particle couplings in $\mathbb Z_2$-symmetric two-dimensional QFTs using two first-principles approaches. Our first approach relies solely on unitarity, analyticity and crossing symmetry of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-08 Alexandre Homrich , Joao Penedones , Jonathan Toledo , Balt C. van Rees , Pedro Vieira

We introduce analytic functionals which act on the crossing equation for CFTs in arbitrary spacetime dimension. The functionals fully probe the constraints of crossing symmetry on the first sheet, and are in particular sensitive to the OPE,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-05-20 Miguel F. Paulos