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Large language models are capable of in-context learning, the ability to perform new tasks at test time using a handful of input-output examples, without parameter updates. We develop a universal approximation theory to elucidate how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Gen Li , Yuchen Jiao , Yu Huang , Yuting Wei , Yuxin Chen

In this paper we completely characterize the norm attainment set of a bounded linear operator on a Hilbert space. This partially answers a question raised recently in [\textit{D. Sain, On the norm attainment set of a bounded linear…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-03-20 Debmalya Sain

This is an expository paper on approximating functions from general Hilbert or Banach spaces in the worst case, average case and randomized settings with error measured in the $L_p$ sense. We define the power function as the ratio between…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2011-06-08 Erich Novak , Henryk Woźniakowski

This paper addresses Tikhonov like regularization methods with convex penalty functionals for solving nonlinear ill-posed operator equations formulated in Banach or, more general, topological spaces. We present an approach for proving…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2009-06-19 Jens Geissler , Bernd Hofmann

Linear fixed point equations in Hilbert spaces arise in a variety of settings, including reinforcement learning, and computational methods for solving differential and integral equations. We study methods that use a collection of random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Wenlong Mou , Ashwin Pananjady , Martin J. Wainwright

Motivated by a seminal paper of professor M. Z. Nashed published in 1987 on classification of ill-posed linear operator equations and distinguishing two types of ill-posedness in Banach and Hilbert spaces, we present, illustrate and justify…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Jens Flemming , Bernd Hofmann

Geometric quantiles are location parameters which extend classical univariate quantiles to normed spaces (possibly infinite-dimensional) and which include the geometric median as a special case. The infinite-dimensional setting is highly…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Gabriel Romon

In this work, we address three non-convex optimization problems associated with the training of shallow neural networks (NNs) for exact and approximate representation, as well as for regression tasks. Through a mean-field approach, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Kang Liu , Enrique Zuazua

Learned representations in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) have to extract task-relevant information from complex observations, balancing between robustness to distraction and informativeness to the policy. Such stable and rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Mete Kemertas , Tristan Aumentado-Armstrong

Low-rank tensor approximation techniques attempt to mitigate the overwhelming complexity of linear algebra tasks arising from high-dimensional applications. In this work, we study the low-rank approximability of solutions to linear systems…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-01-08 Daniel Kressner , André Uschmajew

Under investigation is the problem of finding the best approximation of a function in a Hilbert space subject to convex constraints and prescribed nonlinear transformations. We show that in many instances these prescriptions can be…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-06-17 Patrick L. Combettes , Zev C. Woodstock

Neural network models and deep models are one of the leading and state of the art models in machine learning. Most successful deep neural models are the ones with many layers which highly increases their number of parameters. Training such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Soufiane Belharbi

We study a class of quasi-variational inequality problems defined over infinite dimensional Banach space and deduce sufficient conditions for ensuring solutions to such problems under the upper semi-continuity and pseudomonotonicity…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Asrifa Sultana , Shivani Valecha

The classical theorem of Bishop-Phelps asserts that, for a Banach space X, the norm-achieving functionals in X* are dense in X*. Bela Bollobas's extension of the theorem gives a quantitative description of just how dense the norm-achieving…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2013-07-31 Charles John Read

In this paper, we prove several fixed point theorems on both of normal partially ordered Banach spaces and regular partially ordered Banach spaces by using the normality, regularity, full regularity, and chain -complete property. Then, by…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-06-22 Jinlu Li

Consider the polynomial ring in any finite number of variables over the complex numbers, endowed with the $\ell_1$-norm on the system of coefficients. Its completion is the Banach algebra of power series that converge absolutely on the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-03-07 Richard Pink

Given a Banach space $E$ consisting of functions, we ask whether there exists a reproducing kernel Hilbert space $H$ with bounded kernel such that $E\subset H$. More generally, we consider the question, whether for a given Banach space…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-02-21 Max Schölpple , Ingo Steinwart

Recent advances in machine learning have led to increased interest in reproducing kernel Banach spaces (RKBS) as a more general framework that extends beyond reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS). These works have resulted in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Akash Kumar , Mikhail Belkin , Parthe Pandit

Bilipschitz invariant theory concerns low-distortion embeddings of orbit spaces into Euclidean space. To date, embeddings with the smallest-possible distortion are known for only a few cases, to include: (a) planar rotations, (b) real phase…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Jameson Cahill , Joseph W. Iverson , Dustin G. Mixon , Nathan Willey

Building on earlier work, we further develop a formalism based on the mathematical theory of frames that defines a set of possible phase-space or quasi-probability representations of finite-dimensional quantum systems. We prove that an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-06-23 Christopher Ferrie , Joseph Emerson