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The backpropagation algorithm has long been the canonical training method for neural networks. Modern paradigms are implicitly optimized for it, and numerous guidelines exist to ensure its proper use. Recently, synthetic gradients methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-12 Julien Launay , Iacopo Poli , Florent Krzakala

Efficient model inference is an important and practical issue in the deployment of deep neural network on resource constraint platforms. Network quantization addresses this problem effectively by leveraging low-bit representation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Tianshu Chu , Qin Luo , Jie Yang , Xiaolin Huang

Deep Neural Networks(DNNs) have many parameters and activation data, and these both are expensive to implement. One method to reduce the size of the DNN is to quantize the pre-trained model by using a low-bit expression for weights and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-26 Jun Nishikawa , Ryoji Ikegaya

Post Training Quantization (PTQ) is widely adopted due to its high compression capacity and speed with minimal impact on accuracy. However, we observed that disparate impacts are exacerbated by quantization, especially for minority groups.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Abhimanyu Bellam , Jung-Eun Kim

It is well understood that neural networks with carefully hand-picked weights provide powerful function approximation and that they can be successfully trained in over-parametrized regimes. Since over-parametrization ensures zero training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 G. Welper

Quantization for deep neural networks have afforded models for edge devices that use less on-board memory and enable efficient low-power inference. In this paper, we present a comparison of model-parameter driven quantization approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Prateeth Nayak , David Zhang , Sek Chai

Inference time, model size, and accuracy are critical for deploying deep neural network models. Numerous research efforts have been made to compress neural network models with faster inference and higher accuracy. Pruning and quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Dan Liu , Xue Liu

There are growing interests in adapting large-scale language models using parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods. However, accelerating the model itself and achieving better inference efficiency through model compression has not been…

We introduce a new technique for gradient normalization during neural network training. The gradients are rescaled during the backward pass using normalization layers introduced at certain points within the network architecture. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Alejandro Cabana , Luis F. Lago-Fernández

Training a neural network using backpropagation algorithm requires passing error gradients sequentially through the network. The backward locking prevents us from updating network layers in parallel and fully leveraging the computing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Zhouyuan Huo , Bin Gu , Heng Huang

Achieving robust uncertainty quantification for deep neural networks represents an important requirement in many real-world applications of deep learning such as medical imaging where it is necessary to assess the reliability of a neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Tim Rensmeyer , Oliver Niggemann

As deep neural networks are increasingly deployed in dynamic, real-world environments, relying on a single static model is often insufficient. Changes in input data distributions caused by sensor drift or lighting variations necessitate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Matteo Cardoni , Sam Leroux

Deep learning methods have established a significant place in image classification. While prior research has focused on enhancing final outcomes, the opaque nature of the decision-making process in these models remains a concern for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Elmira Mousa Rezabeyk , Salar Beigzad , Yasin Hamzavi , Mohsen Bagheritabar , Seyedeh Sogol Mirikhoozani

The burgeoning computational demands for training large language models (LLMs) necessitate efficient methods, including quantized training, which leverages low-bit arithmetic operations to reduce costs. While FP8 precision has shown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jiecheng Zhou , Ding Tang , Rong Fu , Boni Hu , Haoran Xu , Yi Wang , Zhilin Pei , Zhongling Su , Liang Liu , Xingcheng Zhang , Weiming Zhang

Unitary neural networks are promising alternatives for solving the exploding and vanishing activation/gradient problem without the need for explicit normalization that reduces the inference speed. However, they often require longer training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Hao-Yuan Chang

Neural network models are resource hungry. It is difficult to deploy such deep networks on devices with limited resources, like smart wearables, cellphones, drones, and autonomous vehicles. Low bit quantization such as binary and ternary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Ryan Razani , Grégoire Morin , Vahid Partovi Nia , Eyyüb Sari

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a versatile tool in the burgeoning field of scientific machine learning for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, determining suitable training strategies for them is not…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Saad Qadeer , Panos Stinis

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) has received significant attention because it requires only a small set of calibration data to quantize a full-precision model, which is more practical in real-world applications in which full access to a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Cuong Pham , Hoang Anh Dung , Cuong C. Nguyen , Trung Le , Dinh Phung , Gustavo Carneiro , Thanh-Toan Do

Today artificial neural networks are applied in various fields - engineering, data analysis, robotics. While they represent a successful tool for a variety of relevant applications, mathematically speaking they are still far from being…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-11-30 K. G. Kapanova , I. Dimov , J. M. Sellier

Training neural networks requires significant computational resources and energy. Methods like mixed-precision and quantization-aware training reduce bit usage, yet they still depend heavily on computationally expensive gradient-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Noa Cohen , Omkar Joglekar , Dotan Di Castro , Vladimir Tchuiev , Shir Kozlovsky , Michal Moshkovitz