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A set A of natural numbers is finitely embeddable in another such set B if every finite subset of A has a rightward translate that is a subset of B. This notion of finite embeddability arose in combinatorial number theory, but in this paper…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-12-11 Andreas Blass , Mauro Di Nasso

The initial algebra for an endofunctor F provides a recursion and induction scheme for data structures whose constructors are described by F. The initial-algebra construction by Ad\'amek (1974) starts with the initial object (e.g. the empty…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Thorsten Wißmann , Stefan Milius

It is shown that the pillars of transfinite set theory, namely the uncountability proofs, do not hold. (1) Cantor's first proof of the uncountability of the set of all real numbers does not apply to the set of irrational numbers alone, and,…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2009-09-29 W. Mueckenheim

We propose an extension of Aczel's constructive set theory CZF by an axiom for inductive types and a choice principle, and show that this extension has the following properties: it is interpretable in Martin-Lof's type theory (hence…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-09-27 Benno van den Berg , Ieke Moerdijk

We propose FC, a new logic on words that combines finite model theory with the theory of concatenation - a first-order logic that is based on word equations. Like the theory of concatenation, FC is built around word equations; in contrast…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Dominik D. Freydenberger , Liat Peterfreund

`What more than its truth do we know if we have a proof of a theorem in a given formal system?' We examine Kreisel's question in the particular context of program termination proofs, with an eye to deriving complexity bounds on program…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-09-26 Sylvain Schmitz

A model for a Choquet integral for arbitrary finite set systems is presented. The model includes in particular the classical model on the system of all subsets of a finite set. The general model associates canonical non-negative and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-02-08 Ulrich Faigle , Michel Grabisch

Non-forking is one of the most important notions in modern model theory capturing the idea of a generic extension of a type (which is a far-reaching generalization of the concept of a generic point of a variety). To a countable first-order…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-08-14 Artem Chernikov , Itay Kaplan , Saharon Shelah

We study functions from a unique factorization monoid to a field. The set of all such functions is a commutative ring isomorphic to a ring of formal power series over the field, with indeterminates indexed by the prime elements of the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-09 Andrew Phillips

Mathematical induction is a fundamental tool in computer science and mathematics. Henkin initiated the study of formalization of mathematical induction restricted to the setting when the base case B is set to singleton set containing 0 and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-08-17 A. Dileep , Kuldeep S. Meel , Ammar F. Sabili

The fundamental construction underlying descent theory, the lax descent category, comes with a functor that forgets the descent data. We prove that, in any $2$-category $\mathfrak{A} $ with lax descent objects, the forgetful morphisms…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-21 Fernando Lucatelli Nunes

A fundamental question is whether Turing machines can model all reasoning processes. We introduce an existence principle stating that the perception of the physical existence of any Turing program can serve as a physical causation for the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-17 Kurt Ammon

A finite form of de Finetti's representation theorem is established using elementary information-theoretic tools: The distribution of the first $k$ random variables in an exchangeable binary vector of length $n\geq k$ is close to a mixture…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Lampros Gavalakis , Ioannis Kontoyiannis

We show that there is a $\beta$-model of second-order arithmetic in which the choice scheme holds, but the dependent choice scheme fails for a $\Pi^1_2$-assertion, confirming a conjecture of Stephen Simpson. We obtain as a corollary that…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-08-16 Sy-David Friedman , Victoria Gitman , Vladimir Kanovei

Programming with dependent types is a blessing and a curse. It is a blessing to be able to bake invariants into the definition of data-types: we can finally write correct-by-construction software. However, this extreme accuracy is also a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Dagand Pierre-Evariste , McBride Conor

We show how one may establish proof-theoretic results for constructive Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory, such as the compactness rule for Cantor space and the Bar Induction rule for Baire space, by constructing sheaf models and using their…

Logic · Mathematics 2011-11-17 Benno van den Berg , Ieke Moerdijk

We lay the ground for an Isabelle/ZF formalization of Cohen's technique of forcing. We formalize the definition of forcing notions as preorders with top, dense subsets, and generic filters. We formalize the definition of forcing notions as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Emmanuel Gunther , Miguel Pagano , Pedro Sánchez Terraf

De Finetti's betting argument is used to justify finitely additive probabilities when only finitely many bets are considered. Under what circumstances can countably many bets be used to justify countable additivity? In this framework, one…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-05-08 Rafael Bassi Stern , Joseph Born Kadane

The theory of finitely supported algebraic structures is related to Pitts theory of nominal sets (by equipping finitely supported sets with finitely supported internal algebraic laws). It represents a reformulation of Zermelo Fraenkel set…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-02-27 Andrei Alexandru , Gabriel Ciobanu

There are the longstanding differences in the continuity of continuum among mathematicians. Starting from studies on a mathematical model of contact, we construct a set that is in contact everywhere by using the original idea of Dedekind's…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-02-05 Haidong Zhu