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Granger causality is popular for analyzing time series data in many applications from natural science to social science including genomics, neuroscience, economics, and finance. Consequently, the Granger causality test has become one of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-16 Yongchang Hui , Chijin Liu , Xiaojun Song

Granger causality (GC), a popular statistical method for the inference of directional influences between time series measured from a complex network, is sensitive to high-order (non-pairwise) interactions which fundamentally shape the…

Granger causality is widely used for causal structure discovery in complex systems from multivariate time series data. Traditional Granger causality tests based on linear models often fail to detect even mild non-linear causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Ziyi Zhang , Shaogang Ren , Xiaoning Qian , Nick Duffield

Granger causality, commonly used for inferring causal structures from time series data, has been adopted in widespread applications across various fields due to its intuitive explainability and high compatibility with emerging deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Ziyi Zhang , Shaogang Ren , Xiaoning Qian , Nick Duffield

Causality in time series can be challenging to determine, especially in the presence of non-linear dependencies. Granger causality helps analyze potential relationships between variables, thereby offering a method to determine whether one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Harsh Poonia , Felix Divo , Kristian Kersting , Devendra Singh Dhami

We introduce a rigorous mathematical framework for Granger causality in extremes, designed to identify causal links from extreme events in time series. Granger causality plays a pivotal role in uncovering directional relationships among…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-21 Juraj Bodik , Olivier C. Pasche

In the study of complex physical and biological systems represented by multivariate stochastic processes, an issue of great relevance is the description of the system dynamics spanning multiple temporal scales. While methods to assess the…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-01 Luca Faes , Giandomenico Nollo , Sebastiano Stramaglia , Daniele Marinazzo

Granger causality, a popular method for determining causal influence between stochastic processes, is most commonly estimated via linear autoregressive modeling. However, this approach has a serious drawback: if the process being modeled…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-06-29 Lionel Barnett , Anil K. Seth

That physiological oscillations of various frequencies are present in fMRI signals is the rule, not the exception. Herein, we propose a novel theoretical framework, spatio-temporal Granger causality, which allows us to more reliably and…

Applications · Statistics 2018-03-15 Qiang Luo , Wenlian Lu , Wei Cheng , Pedro A. Valdes-Sosa , Xiaotong Wen , Mingzhou Ding , Jianfeng Feng

In this paper we test for Granger causality in high-dimensional vector autoregressive models (VARs) to disentangle and interpret the complex causal chains linking radiative forcings and global temperatures. By allowing for high…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-06-04 Marina Friedrich , Luca Margaritella , Stephan Smeekes

Granger causality has become an indispensable tool for analyzing causal relationships between time series. In this paper, we provide a detailed overview of its mathematical foundations, trace its historical development, and explore how…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2024-12-30 Lasha Ephremidze

It becomes increasingly popular to perform mediation analysis for complex data from sophisticated experimental studies. In this paper, we present Granger Mediation Analysis (GMA), a new framework for causal mediation analysis of multiple…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-09-18 Yi Zhao , Xi Luo

The problem of estimating high-dimensional network models arises naturally in the analysis of many physical, biological and socio-economic systems. Examples include stock price fluctuations in financial markets and gene regulatory networks…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-10-09 Sumanta Basu , Ali Shojaie , George Michailidis

While most classical approaches to Granger causality detection assume linear dynamics, many interactions in real-world applications, like neuroscience and genomics, are inherently nonlinear. In these cases, using linear models may lead to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-16 Alex Tank , Ian Covert , Nicholas Foti , Ali Shojaie , Emily Fox

Identifying the causal structure of systems with multiple dynamic elements is critical to several scientific disciplines. The conventional approach is to conduct statistical tests of causality, for example with Granger Causality, between…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-22 Jacek P. Dmochowski

The Granger framework is useful for discovering causal relations in time-varying signals. However, most Granger causality (GC) methods are developed for densely sampled timeseries data. A substantially different setting, particularly common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Minh Nguyen , Gia H. Ngo , Mert R. Sabuncu

Concepts of Granger causality (GC) and Granger autonomy (GA) are central to assess the dynamics of coupled physiologic processes. While causality measures have been already proposed and applied in time and frequency domains, measures…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-20 Laura Sparacino , Yuri Antonacci , Chiara Barà , Angela Valenti , Alberto Porta , Luca Faes

This report reviews the conceptual and theoretical links between Granger causality and directed information theory. We begin with a short historical tour of Granger causality, concentrating on its closeness to information theory. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-12 Pierre-Olivier Amblard , Olivier J. J. Michel

We study Granger causality in the context of wide-sense stationary time series, where our focus is on the topological aspects of the underlying causality graph. We establish sufficient conditions (in particular, we develop the notion of a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-19 R. J. Kinnear , R. R. Mazumdar

While correlation measures are used to discern statistical relationships between observed variables in almost all branches of data-driven scientific inquiry, what we are really interested in is the existence of causal dependence. Designing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-06-26 Ishanu Chattopadhyay