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We study the computational complexity of solving mean payoff games. This class of games can be seen as an extension of parity games, and they have similar complexity status: in both cases solving them is in $\textbf{NP} \cap \textbf{coNP}$…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Nathanaël Fijalkow , Paweł Gawrychowski , Pierre Ohlmann

Parity games are two-player infinite-duration games on graphs that play a crucial role in various fields of theoretical computer science. Finding efficient algorithms to solve these games in practice is widely acknowledged as a core problem…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-15 Massimo Benerecetti , Daniele Dell'Erba , Fabio Mogavero

Calude, Jain, Khoussainov, Li, and Stephan (2017) proposed a quasi-polynomial-time algorithm solving parity games. After this breakthrough result, a few other quasi-polynomial-time algorithms were introduced; none of them is easy to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Paweł Parys

This paper provides a polynomial-time algorithm for solving parity games that runs in $\mathcal{O}(n^{2}\cdot(n + m))$ time-ending a search that has taken decades. Unlike previous attractor-based algorithms, the presented algorithm only…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Rick van der Heijden

Parity games have witnessed several new quasi-polynomial algorithms since the breakthrough result of Calude et al. (STOC 2017). The combinatorial object underlying these approaches is a universal tree, as identified by Czerwi\'nski et al.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zhuan Khye Koh , Georg Loho

This paper discusses the problem of efficiently solving parity games where player Odd has to obey an additional 'strong transition fairness constraint' on its vertices -- given that a player Odd vertex $v$ is visited infinitely often, a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Irmak Sağlam , Anne-Kathrin Schmuck

We consider games played on graphs with the winning conditions for the players specified as weak-parity conditions. In weak-parity conditions the winner of a play is decided by looking into the set of states appearing in the play, rather…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Krishnendu Chatterjee

We study strategy improvement algorithms for solving parity games. While these algorithms are known to solve parity games using a very small number of iterations, experimental studies have found that a high step complexity causes them to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-05-08 John Fearnley

The performance of two pivoting algorithms, due to Lemke and Cottle and Dantzig, is studied on linear complementarity problems (LCPs) that arise from infinite games, such as parity, average-reward, and discounted games. The algorithms have…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-16 John Fearnley , Marcin Jurdziński , Rahul Savani

Alpaga is a solver for two-player parity games with imperfect information. Given the description of a game, it determines whether the first player can ensure to win and, if so, it constructs a winning strategy. The tool provides a symbolic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2009-01-30 Dietmar Berwanger , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Martin De Wulf , Laurent Doyen , Thomas A. Henzinger

We study two-player games of infinite duration that are played on finite or infinite game graphs. A winning strategy for such a game is positional if it only depends on the current position, and not on the history of the play. A game is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-08-29 Erich Graedel , Igor Walukiewicz

Parity games can be used to represent many different kinds of decision problems. In practice, tools that use parity games often rely on a specification in a higher-order logic from which the actual game can be obtained by means of an…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Maurice Laveaux , Wieger Wesselink , Tim A. C. Willemse

We consider two-player games played in real time on game structures with clocks where the objectives of players are described using parity conditions. The games are \emph{concurrent} in that at each turn, both players independently propose…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Thomas A. Henzinger , Vinayak S. Prabhu

This paper is a contribution to the study of parity games and the recent constructions of three quasipolynomial time algorithms for solving them. We revisit a result of Czerwi\'nski, Daviaud, Fijalkow, Jurdzi\'nski, Lazi\'c, and Parys…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-22 Thomas Colcombet , Nathanaël Fijalkow

This paper presents a new lower bound for the discrete strategy improvement algorithm for solving parity games due to Voege and Jurdziski. First, we informally show which structures are difficult to solve for the algorithm. Second, we…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2009-01-20 Oliver Friedmann

An average-time game is played on the infinite graph of configurations of a finite timed automaton. The two players, Min and Max, construct an infinite run of the automaton by taking turns to perform a timed transition. Player Min wants to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Marcin Jurdzinski , Ashutosh Trivedi

This paper studies multiplayer turn-based games on graphs in which player preferences are modeled as $\omega$-automatic relations given by deterministic parity automata. This contrasts with most existing work, which focuses on specific…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Véronique Bruyère , Emmanuel Filiot , Christophe Grandmont , Jean-François Raskin

We study two-player games of infinite duration that are played on finite or infinite game graphs. A winning strategy for such a game is positional if it only depends on the current position, and not on the history of the play. A game is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Erich Graedel , Igor Walukiewicz

We consider two-player partial-observation stochastic games on finite-state graphs where player 1 has partial observation and player 2 has perfect observation. The winning condition we study are \omega-regular conditions specified as parity…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-01-15 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Laurent Doyen , Sumit Nain , Moshe Y. Vardi

Probabilistic timed automata are a suitable formalism to model systems with real-time, nondeterministic and probabilistic behaviour. We study two-player zero-sum games on such automata where the objective of the game is specified as the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-04-18 Vojtěch Forejt , Marta Kwiatkowska , Gethin Norman , Ashutosh Trivedi