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This paper demonstrates the impact of state-of-the-art instrumental calibration techniques on the precision of arrival times obtained from 9.6 years of observations of millisecond pulsars using the Murriyang 64-m CSIRO Parkes Radio…

Pulsars are natural cosmic clocks. On long timescales they rival the precision of terrestrial atomic clocks. Using a technique called pulsar timing, the exact measurement of pulse arrival times allows a number of applications, ranging from…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-14 Werner Becker , Michael Kramer , Alberto Sesana

The measurement error of pulse times of arrival (TOAs) in the high S/N limit is dominated by the quasi-random variation of a pulsar's emission profile from rotation to rotation. Like measurement noise, this noise is only reduced as the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Matthew Kerr

The pulsar timing array (PTA) is a powerful technique for detecting nanohertz gravitational wave backgrounds (GWBs). However, conventional PTAs lack sensitivity to parity violation in the GWB. In this work, we propose a dipole pulsar timing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-10 Baoyu Xu , Hanyu Jiang , Rong-Gen Cai , Misao Sasaki , Yun-Long Zhang

Pulsar-timing analyses are sensitive to errors in the solar-system ephemerides (SSEs) that timing models utilise to estimate the location of the solar-system barycentre, the quasi-inertial reference frame to which all recorded pulse…

MeerTime is a five-year Large Survey Project to time pulsars with MeerKAT, the 64-dish South African precursor to the Square Kilometre Array. The science goals for the programme include timing millisecond pulsars (MSPs) to high precision (<…

Long-term precise timing of Galactic millisecond pulsars holds great promise for measuring the long-period (months-to-years) astrophysical gravitational waves. Several gravitational-wave observational programs, called Pulsar Timing Arrays…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Rutger van Haasteren , Yuri Levin , Patrick McDonald , Tingting Lu

Pulsar timing is a foundational part of pulsar research to triage the most interesting systems and to characterise properties (rotational or otherwise) of the population of these extreme objects. Due to the efficiency of a number of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-25 D. J. McKenna , E. F. Keane , P. T. Gallagher , J. McCauley

Measurement of the pulsar timing residuals provides a direct way to detect relic gravitational waves at the frequency $f\sim 1/{\rm yr}$. In this paper, we investigate the constraints on the inflationary parameters, the tensor-to-scalar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-06-17 Wen Zhao , Yang Zhang , Xiao-Peng You , Zong-Hong Zhu

In the last decade, the use of an ensemble of radio pulsars to constrain the characteristic strain caused by a stochastic gravitational wave background has advanced the cause of detection of very low frequency gravitational waves…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-01-25 Bhal Chandra Joshi

For pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), the telltale signature of an isotropic stochastic background of gravitational waves is a pattern of pairwise interpulsar timing correlations approximately following the Hellings & Downs (HD) curve. Certain…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-01 Dustin R. Madison

The goal of the MeerKAT radio telescope's pulsar timing array programme (MPTA) is the detection of gravitational waves (GWs) of nanohertz frequencies. Evidence for such a signal was recently announced by the MPTA and several other pulsar…

High-precision pulsar timing is central to a wide range of astrophysics and fundamental physics applications. When timing an ensemble of millisecond pulsars in different sky positions, known as a pulsar timing array (PTA), one can search…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-09 R. N. Caballero

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are used to search for long-wavelength gravitational waves (GWs) by monitoring a set of spin-stable millisecond pulsars. Most theoretical analyses assume that the relevant GW sources are much more distant from…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-01-03 Dustin R. Madison , David F. Chernoff , James M. Cordes

A careful characterisation of the noise processes in pulsar timing data is a prerequisite for pulsar timing array experiments. While single-pulsar noise analyses are crucial for both gravitational-wave searches and astrophysical studies,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-26 Valentina Di Marco , Nir Guttman , Matthew T. Miles , Andrew Zic , Ryan M. Shannon , Eric Thrane

Pulsar timing is a powerful tool that, by accounting for every rotation of a pulsar, precisely measures the spin frequency, spin frequency derivatives, astrometric position, binary parameters when applicable, properties of the ISM, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-05 Jackson Taylor , Scott Ransom , Prajwal V. Padmanabh

The radio millisecond pulsar J1713+0747 is regarded as one of the highest-precision clocks in the sky, and is regularly timed for the purpose of detecting gravitational waves. The International Pulsar Timing Array collaboration undertook a…