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This paper gives a novel approach to analyze SAT problem more deeply. First, I define new elements of Boolean formula such as dominant variable, decision chain, and chain coupler. Through the analysis of the SAT problem using the elements,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-01-25 Keum-Bae Cho

Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) and Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) are widely used in automated verification, but there is a lack of interactive tools designed for educational purposes in this field. To address this gap, we present…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Yiqi Zhao , Ziyan An , Meiyi Ma , Taylor Johnson

Modern neural networks obtain information about the problem and calculate the output solely from the input values. We argue that it is not always optimal, and the network's performance can be significantly improved by augmenting it with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Emils Ozolins , Karlis Freivalds , Andis Draguns , Eliza Gaile , Ronalds Zakovskis , Sergejs Kozlovics

We obtain exact expressions counting the satisfiable 2-SAT formulae and describe the structure of associated implication digraphs. Our approach is based on generating function manipulations. To reflect the combinatorial specificities of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-25 Sergey Dovgal , Élie de Panafieu , Vlady Ravelomanana

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gathered increasing interest as learnable solvers of Boolean Satisfiability Problems (SATs), operating on graph representations of logical formulas. However, their performance degrades sharply on harder and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Geri Skenderi

In this paper we present a new approach to solve the satisfiability problem (SAT), based on boolean networks (BN). We define a mapping between a SAT instance and a BN, and we solve SAT problem by simulating the BN dynamics. We prove that BN…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-02-01 Andrea Roli , Michela Milano

The Circuit Satisfiability (CSAT) problem, a variant of the Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem, plays a critical role in integrated circuit design and verification. However, existing SAT solvers, optimized for Conjunctive Normal Form…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Zhengyuan Shi , Tiebing Tang , Jiaying Zhu , Sadaf Khan , Hui-Ling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Zhufei Chu , Qiang Xu

The Boolean SATisfiability problem (SAT) is of central importance in computer science. Although SAT is known to be NP-complete, progress on the engineering side, especially that of Conflict-Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) and Local Search SAT…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Anastasios Kyrillidis , Anshumali Shrivastava , Moshe Y. Vardi , Zhiwei Zhang

In this work, we present a novel technique for GPU-accelerated Boolean satisfiability (SAT) sampling. Unlike conventional sampling algorithms that directly operate on conjunctive normal form (CNF), our method transforms the logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Arash Ardakani , Minwoo Kang , Kevin He , Qijing Huang , John Wawrzynek

Propositional satisfiability (SAT) is an NP-complete problem that impacts many research fields, such as planning, verification, and security. Mainstream modern SAT solvers are based on the Conflict-Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) algorithm.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Wenxi Wang , Yang Hu , Mohit Tiwari , Sarfraz Khurshid , Kenneth McMillan , Risto Miikkulainen

Boolean satisfiability is a propositional logic problem of interest in multiple fields, e.g., physics, mathematics, and computer science. Beyond a field of research, instances of the SAT problem, as it is known, require efficient solution…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-11-13 S. R. B. Bearden , Y. R. Pei , M. Di Ventra

The Maximum Satisfiability (MaxSAT) problem is the problem of finding a truth assignment that maximizes the number of satisfied clauses of a given Boolean formula in Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF). Many exact solvers for MaxSAT have been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Mohamed El Halaby

Boolean satisfiability ({\SAT}) has played a key role in diverse areas spanning testing, formal verification, planning, optimization, inferencing and the like. Apart from the classical problem of checking boolean satisfiability, the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-04-29 Kuldeep S. Meel

In this contribution, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of graph neural networks applied to Boolean satisfiability problems, accompanied by an intuitive explanation of the mechanisms enabling the model to generalize to different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 David Mojžíšek , Jan Hůla , Ziwei Li , Ziyu Zhou , Mikoláš Janota

Satisfiability (SAT) solvers based on techniques such as conflict driven clause learning (CDCL) have produced excellent performance on both synthetic and real world industrial problems. While these CDCL solvers only operate on a per-problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yi Fu , Anthony Tompkins , Yang Song , Maurice Pagnucco

The Boolean Satisfiability Problem is perhaps one of the most well-known problems in theoretical computer science. On the one hand, it is proven to be NP-complete, which means that it is generally considered hard to solve. On the other…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Flora Rädiker

We present Graph-$Q$-SAT, a branching heuristic for a Boolean SAT solver trained with value-based reinforcement learning (RL) using Graph Neural Networks for function approximation. Solvers using Graph-$Q$-SAT are complete SAT solvers that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-26 Vitaly Kurin , Saad Godil , Shimon Whiteson , Bryan Catanzaro

Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problems are critical in fields such as artificial intelligence and cryptography, where efficient solutions are essential. Conventional probabilistic solvers often encounter scalability issues due to complex…

Industrial SAT formula generation is a critical yet challenging task. Existing SAT generation approaches can hardly simultaneously capture the global structural properties and maintain plausible computational hardness. We first present an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Yang Li , Xinyan Chen , Wenxuan Guo , Xijun Li , Wanqian Luo , Junhua Huang , Hui-Ling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Junchi Yan

In the article, within the framework of the Boolean Satisfiability problem (SAT), the problem of estimating the hardness of specific Boolean formulas w.r.t. a specific complete SAT solving algorithm is considered. Based on the well-known…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Daniil Chivilikhin , Artem Pavlenko , Alexander Semenov