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Real-world data typically follow a long-tailed distribution, where a few majority categories occupy most of the data while most minority categories contain a limited number of samples. Classification models minimizing cross-entropy struggle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Jianggang Zhu , Zheng Wang , Jingjing Chen , Yi-Ping Phoebe Chen , Yu-Gang Jiang

Deep learning enables impressive performance in image recognition using large-scale artificially-balanced datasets. However, real-world datasets exhibit highly class-imbalanced distributions, yielding two main challenges: relative imbalance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Saurabh Sharma , Ning Yu , Mario Fritz , Bernt Schiele

The imbalanced distribution of long-tailed data presents a significant challenge for deep learning models, causing them to prioritize head classes while neglecting tail classes. Two key factors contributing to low recognition accuracy are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Mengke Li , Zhikai Hu , Yang Lu , Weichao Lan , Yiu-ming Cheung , Hui Huang

One of the most profound challenges of modern machine learning is performing well on the long-tail of rare and underrepresented features. Large general-purpose models are trained for many tasks, but work best on high-frequency use cases.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Daniel D'souza , Julia Kreutzer , Adrien Morisot , Ahmet Üstün , Sara Hooker

Real-world datasets often exhibit long-tailed distributions, where a few dominant "Head" classes have abundant samples while most "Tail" classes are severely underrepresented, leading to biased learning and poor generalization for the Tail.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Mahdiyar Molahasani , Michael Greenspan , Ali Etemad

In this work, we tackle the problem of instance segmentation, the task of simultaneously solving object detection and semantic segmentation. Towards this goal, we present a model, called MaskLab, which produces three outputs: box detection,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-14 Liang-Chieh Chen , Alexander Hermans , George Papandreou , Florian Schroff , Peng Wang , Hartwig Adam

Connecting multiple machine learning models into a pipeline is effective for handling complex problems. By breaking down the problem into steps, each tackled by a specific component model of the pipeline, the overall solution can be made…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Tomoe Kishimoto , Masahiko Saito , Junichi Tanaka , Yutaro Iiyama , Ryu Sawada , Koji Terashi

Class imbalance is a common challenge in real-world recognition tasks, where the majority of classes have few samples, also known as tail classes. We address this challenge with the perspective of generalization and empirically find that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Yixuan Zhou , Yi Qu , Xing Xu , Hengtao Shen

Highly skewed long-tail item distribution is very common in recommendation systems. It significantly hurts model performance on tail items. To improve tail-item recommendation, we conduct research to transfer knowledge from head items to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Yin Zhang , Derek Zhiyuan Cheng , Tiansheng Yao , Xinyang Yi , Lichan Hong , Ed H. Chi

In the realm of edge computing, the increasing demand for high Quality of Service (QoS), particularly in dynamic multimedia streaming applications (e.g., Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality and online gaming), has prompted the need for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Cheng Zhang , Yinuo Deng , Hailiang Zhao , Tianlv Chen , Shuiguang Deng

Imbalanced datasets pose a considerable challenge in training deep learning (DL) models for medical diagnostics, particularly for segmentation tasks. Imbalance may be associated with annotation quality limited annotated datasets, rare…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-08 Bashir Alam , Masa Cirkovic , Mete Harun Akcay , Md Kaf Shahrier , Sebastien Lafond , Hergys Rexha , Kurt Benke , Sepinoud Azimi , Janan Arslan

Real-world datasets often follow a long-tailed distribution, making generalization to tail classes difficult. Recent methods resorted to long-tail variants of Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM), such as ImbSAM and CC-SAM, to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Sicong Li , Qianqian Xu , Zhiyong Yang , Zitai Wang , Linchao Zhang , Xiaochun Cao , Qingming Huang

Long-tailed image recognition is a computer vision problem considering a real-world class distribution rather than an artificial uniform. Existing methods typically detour the problem by i) adjusting a loss function, ii) decoupling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Youngseok Yoon , Sangwoo Hong , Hyungjun Joo , Yao Qin , Haewon Jeong , Jungwoo Lee

Conformal Prediction (CP) is a popular method for uncertainty quantification that converts a pretrained model's point prediction into a prediction set, with the set size reflecting the model's confidence. Although existing CP methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Shuqi Liu , Jianguo Huang , Luke Ong

Learning from real-world data is frequently hindered by the compound challenge of long-tailed class distributions and noisy annotations. Existing methods partially address these issues but typically ignore the non-uniform impact of label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Mengke Li , Haiquan Ling , Lihao Chen , Yang Lu , Yiqun Zhang , Hui Huang

Instance segmentation is an important problem in computer vision, with applications in autonomous driving, drone navigation and robotic manipulation. However, most existing methods are not real-time, complicating their deployment in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Laurynas Miksys , Saumya Jetley , Michael Sapienza , Stuart Golodetz , Philip H. S. Torr

Long-tailed multi-label visual recognition (LTML) task is a highly challenging task due to the label co-occurrence and imbalanced data distribution. In this work, we propose a unified framework for LTML, namely prompt tuning with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Peng Xia , Di Xu , Ming Hu , Lie Ju , Zongyuan Ge

Visual object tracking performance has been dramatically improved in recent years, but some severe challenges remain open, like distractors and occlusions. We suspect the reason is that the feature representations of the tracking targets…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Mengmeng Wang , Xiaoqian Yang , Yong Liu

Deep models trained on long-tailed datasets exhibit unsatisfactory performance on tail classes. Existing methods usually modify the classification loss to increase the learning focus on tail classes, which unexpectedly sacrifice the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Shaoyu Zhang , Chen Chen , Xiyuan Hu , Silong Peng

Main challenges in long-tailed recognition come from the imbalanced data distribution and sample scarcity in its tail classes. While techniques have been proposed to achieve a more balanced training loss and to improve tail classes data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Bo Liu , Haoxiang Li , Hao Kang , Nuno Vasconcelos , Gang Hua