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Multiplication (e.g., convolution) is arguably a cornerstone of modern deep neural networks (DNNs). However, intensive multiplications cause expensive resource costs that challenge DNNs' deployment on resource-constrained edge devices,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Haoran You , Xiaohan Chen , Yongan Zhang , Chaojian Li , Sicheng Li , Zihao Liu , Zhangyang Wang , Yingyan Celine Lin

Flexibility and customization are key strengths of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) when compared to other computing devices. For instance, FPGAs can efficiently implement arbitrary-precision arithmetic operations, and can perform…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Junius Pun , Xilai Dai , Grace Zgheib , Mahesh A. Iyer , Andrew Boutros , Vaughn Betz , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are state-of-the-art algorithms for multiple applications, spanning from image classification to speech recognition. While providing excellent accuracy, they often have enormous compute and memory requirements.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Ussama Zahid , Giulio Gambardella , Nicholas J. Fraser , Michaela Blott , Kees Vissers

The deployment of deep neural networks (DNNs) on resource-constrained edge devices such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) requires a careful balance of latency, power, and resource usage while maintaining high accuracy. Existing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Binglei Lou , Ruilin Wu , Philip Leong

FPGAs have been shown to be a promising platform for deploying Quantised Neural Networks (QNNs) with high-speed, low-latency, and energy-efficient inference. However, the complexity of modern deep-learning models limits the performance on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Changhong Li , Biswajit Basu , Shreejith Shanker

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are used by different applications that are executed on a range of computer architectures, from IoT devices to supercomputers. The footprint of these networks is huge as well as their computational and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-20 Chaim Baskin , Natan Liss , Evgenii Zheltonozhskii , Alex M. Bronshtein , Avi Mendelson

Deployment of deep neural networks for applications that require very high throughput or extremely low latency is a severe computational challenge, further exacerbated by inefficiencies in mapping the computation to hardware. We present a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-08 Yaman Umuroglu , Yash Akhauri , Nicholas J. Fraser , Michaela Blott

We consider the use of look-up tables (LUT) to simplify the hardware implementation of a deep learning network for inferencing after weights have been successfully trained. The use of LUT replaces the matrix multiply and add operations with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Chai Wah Wu

Automatic algorithm-hardware co-design for DNN has shown great success in improving the performance of DNNs on FPGAs. However, this process remains challenging due to the intractable search space of neural network architectures and hardware…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Zhen Dong , Yizhao Gao , Qijing Huang , John Wawrzynek , Hayden K. H. So , Kurt Keutzer

Ternary quantization has emerged as a powerful technique for reducing both computational and memory footprint of large language models (LLM), enabling efficient real-time inference deployment without significantly compromising model…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zhirui Huang , Rui Ma , Shijie Cao , Ran Shu , Ian Wang , Ting Cao , Chixiao Chen , Yongqiang Xiong

Recent technological advances have proliferated the available computing power, memory, and speed of modern Central Processing Units (CPUs), Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Consequently, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Corey Lammie , Wei Xiang , Mostafa Rahimi Azghadi

While hardware-software co-design has significantly improved the efficiency of neural network inference, modeling the training phase remains a critical yet underexplored challenge. Training workloads impose distinct constraints,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jérémy Morlier , Robin Geens , Stef Cuyckens , Arne Symons , Marian Verhelst , Vincent Gripon , Mathieu Léonardon

Recent researches on neural network have shown significant advantage in machine learning over traditional algorithms based on handcrafted features and models. Neural network is now widely adopted in regions like image, speech and video…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-12-07 Kaiyuan Guo , Shulin Zeng , Jincheng Yu , Yu Wang , Huazhong Yang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have the advantage that they can take into account a large number of parameters, which enables them to solve complex tasks. In computer vision and speech recognition, they have a better accuracy than common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Lukas Baischer , Matthias Wess , Nima TaheriNejad

Binary neural networks (BNNs) have 1-bit weights and activations. Such networks are well suited for FPGAs, as their dominant computations are bitwise arithmetic and the memory requirement is also significantly reduced. However, compared to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Yichi Zhang , Junhao Pan , Xinheng Liu , Hongzheng Chen , Deming Chen , Zhiru Zhang

A fundamental question lies in almost every application of deep neural networks: what is the optimal neural architecture given a specific dataset? Recently, several Neural Architecture Search (NAS) frameworks have been developed that use…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-04 Weiwen Jiang , Xinyi Zhang , Edwin H. -M. Sha , Lei Yang , Qingfeng Zhuge , Yiyu Shi , Jingtong Hu

Hardware accelerations of deep learning systems have been extensively investigated in industry and academia. The aim of this paper is to achieve ultra-high energy efficiency and performance for hardware implementations of deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Yanzhi Wang , Caiwen Ding , Zhe Li , Geng Yuan , Siyu Liao , Xiaolong Ma , Bo Yuan , Xuehai Qian , Jian Tang , Qinru Qiu , Xue Lin

Qubit readout is a critical operation in quantum computing systems, which maps the analog response of qubits into discrete classical states. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently emerged as a promising solution to improve readout…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 M. A. Farooq , G. Di Guglielmo , A. Rajagopala , N. Tran , V. A. Chhabria , A. Arora

To improve the throughput and energy efficiency of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) on customized hardware, lightweight neural networks constrain the weights of DNNs to be a limited combination (denoted as $k\in\{1,2\}$) of powers of 2. In such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Ruizhou Ding , Zeye Liu , Ting-Wu Chin , Diana Marculescu , R. D. , Blanton

Deep neural network (DNN) inference relies increasingly on specialized hardware for high computational efficiency. This work introduces a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based dynamically configurable accelerator featuring systolic…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Anastasios Petropoulos , Theodore Antonakopoulos