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Maize, a crucial crop globally cultivated across vast regions, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America, occupies 197 million hectares as of 2021. Various statistical and machine learning models, including mixed-effect…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-13 Lorenzo Valleggi , Marco Scutari , Federico Mattia Stefanini

A wide range of Bayesian models have been proposed for data that is divided hierarchically into groups. These models aim to cluster the data at different levels of grouping, by assigning a mixture component to each datapoint, and a mixture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-04-21 Adway Mitra

This paper proposes a new model-based approach to small area estimation of general finite-population parameters based on grouped data or frequency data, which is often available from sample surveys. Grouped data contains information on…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-20 Yuki Kawakubo , Genya Kobayashi

Small area estimation using survey data can be achieved by using either a design-based or a model-based inferential approach. Design-based direct estimators are generally preferable because of their consistency, asymptotic normality, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-13 Alana McGovern , Katherine Wilson , Jon Wakefield

Non-linear hierarchical models are commonly used in many disciplines. However, inference in the presence of non-nested effects and on large datasets is challenging and computationally burdensome. This paper provides two contributions to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-22 Max Goplerud

A two-stage normal hierarchical model called the Fay--Herriot model and the empirical Bayes estimator are widely used to provide indirect and model-based estimates of means in small areas. However, the performance of the empirical Bayes…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-08-26 Shonosuke Sugasawa

We propose a multistage method for making inference at all levels of a Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) using natural data partitions to increase efficiency by allowing computations to take place in parallel form using software that is…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-23 Devin S. Johnson , Brian M. Brost , Mevin B. Hooten

Economic inequalities referring to specific regions are crucial in deepening spatial heterogeneity. Income surveys are generally planned to produce reliable estimates at countries or macroregion levels, thus we implement a small area model…

Applications · Statistics 2024-02-09 Silvia De Nicolò , Maria Rosaria Ferrante , Silvia Pacei

This article introduces methods for constructing prediction bounds or intervals for the number of future failures from heterogeneous reliability field data. We focus on within-sample prediction where early data from a failure-time process…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-13 Colin Lewis-Beck , Qinglong Tian , William Q. Meeker

Reliable mortality estimates at the subnational level are essential in the study of health inequalities within a country. One of the difficulties in producing such estimates is the presence of small populations, where the stochastic…

Applications · Statistics 2017-12-05 Monica Alexander , Emilio Zagheni , Magali Barbieri

For situations that may benefit from information sharing among datasets, e.g., population-based SHM of similar structures, the hierarchical Bayesian approach provides a useful modelling structure. Hierarchical Bayesian models learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-04 T. A. Dardeno , K. Worden , N. Dervilis , R. S. Mills , L. A. Bull

The paper concerns small-area estimation in the Fay-Herriot type area-level model with random dispersions, which models the case that the sampling errors change from area to area. The resulting Bayes estimator shrinks both means and…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-07-30 Hiromasa Tamae , Tatsuya Kubokawa

The Hierarchical Mixture of Experts (HME) is a well-known tree-based model for regression and classification, based on soft probabilistic splits. In its original formulation it was trained by maximum likelihood, and is therefore prone to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-12-12 Christopher M. Bishop , Markus Svensen

Parameter estimates for associated genetic variants, report ed in the initial discovery samples, are often grossly inflated compared to the values observed in the follow-up replication samples. This type of bias is a consequence of the…

Applications · Statistics 2011-04-15 Lizhen Xu , Radu V. Craiu , Lei Sun

Intermittent demand forecasting poses unique challenges due to sparse observations, cold-start items, and obsolescence. Classical models such as Croston, SBA, and the Teunter--Syntetos--Babai (TSB) method provide simple heuristics but lack…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-02 Zong-Han Bai , Po-Yen Chu

Datasets in engineering applications are often limited and contaminated, mainly due to unavoidable measurement noise and signal distortion. Thus, using conventional data-driven approaches to build a reliable discriminative model, and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-14 Xihaier Luo , Ahsan Kareem

Statistical offices face a familiar and intensifying dilemma: rising demand for detailed regional and domain-level estimates under budgets that are fixed or shrinking. National statistical offices (NSOs) either ignore the problem of optimal…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-19 Siu-Ming Tam

Benchmarking estimation and its risk evaluation is a practically important issue in small area estimation. While Bayesian methods have been widely adopted in small area estimation, existing benchmarking approaches are often ad-hoc, such as…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-22 Shonosuke Sugasawa , Genya Kobayashi , Yuki Kawakubo

There has been recent growth in small area estimation due to the need for more precise estimation of small geographic areas, which has led to groups such as the U.S. Census Bureau, Google, and the RAND corporation utilizing small area…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-07-17 Malay Ghosh , Rebecca C. Steorts

The analysis of data from multiple experiments, such as observations of several individuals, is commonly approached using mixed-effects models, which account for variation between individuals through hierarchical representations. This makes…

Computation · Statistics 2026-03-05 Henrik Häggström , Sebastian Persson , Marija Cvijovic , Umberto Picchini