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The promise of equal opportunity is a cornerstone of modern societies, yet upward economic mobility remains out of reach for many. Using a decade of population-scale social network data from the Netherlands, covering over a billion family,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-08-08 Yuliia Kazmina , Eelke M. Heemskerk , Emilia van der Kooij , Eszter Bokányi , Frank W. Takes

In this study, the evolutionary development of labor has been tried to be revealed based on theoretical analysis. Using the example of gdp, which is an indicator of social welfare, the economic value of the labor of housewives was tried to…

General Economics · Economics 2023-09-15 Saadet Yagmur Kumcu

India's urbanization is often characterized as particularly challenging and very unequal but systematic empirical analyses, comparable to other nations, have largely been lacking. Here, we characterize India's economic and human development…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-10-08 Anand Sahasranaman , Nishanth Kumar , Luis M. A. Bettencourt

The era of technological change entails complex patterns of changes in wages and employment. We develop a unified framework to evaluate the effects of capital-embodied technological change on, as well as the contributions of factor inputs…

General Economics · Economics 2025-10-28 Hiroya Taniguchi , Ken Yamada

A novel comparative research and analysis method is proposed and applied on the Hungarian economic sectors. The question of what factors have an effect on their net income is essential for enterprises. First, the potential indicators…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-07-17 Peter Sasvari

We argue that the recent growth in income inequality is driven by disparate growth in investment income rather than by disparate growth in wages. Specifically, we present evidence that real wages are flat across a range of professions,…

General Economics · Economics 2022-06-29 B. N. Kausik

Financial exclusion constrains entrepreneurship, increases income volatility, and widens wealth gaps. Underbanked consumers in Istanbul often have no bureau file because their earnings and payments flow through informal channels. To study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Atalay Denknalbant , Emre Sezdi , Zeki Furkan Kutlu

Opportunities, such as access to education or family background, shape income inequality by influencing the chances of economic success. Unequal opportunities create uncertainty about whether success is merit- or luck-based. We examine how…

General Economics · Economics 2025-03-03 Marcel Preuss , Germán Reyes , Jason Somerville , Joy Wu

This paper investigates the heterogeneous effects of military spending news shocks on household income and wealth inequality for a large, panel of advanced and emerging economies. Confirming prior literature, we find that military spending…

General Economics · Economics 2025-11-12 John Beirne , Haroon Mumtaz , Donghyun Park , Gazi Salah Uddin , Angeliki Theophilopoulou

Recent economic developments of countries like Japan, Korea, and Singapore, as a result of improvement in the quality of their education, show that having a high-quality education may lead to economic growth. In this article, using some…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-09-10 Pooya Alinian , Raziyeh Mohammadi , Azadeh Parvaneh , Ali Rejali

Structural change consists of industrial diversification towards more productive, knowledge intensive activities. However, changes in the productive structure bear inherent links with job creation and income distribution. In this paper, we…

General Economics · Economics 2026-05-13 Bernardo Caldarola , Dario Mazzilli , Aurelio Patelli , Angelica Sbardella

Food security refers to people's access to enough safe nutritious food in order to be able to lead a healthy active life. It also involves elements such as food availability and affordability, as well as people being able to access food…

General Economics · Economics 2025-12-22 Raif Cergibozan , Emre Akusta

This article addresses the origins of income inequality in post-socialist countries from Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia, from 1991 to 2016. The aim is to analyze the relationship between democracy and income inequality. In…

General Economics · Economics 2025-06-02 Monika Wesołowska , Sławomir Kuźmar , Bartosz Totleben , Dawid Piątek

The goal of this research is to uncover the channels through which research and development (R&D) impacts economic growth in developing countries. The study employed nine variables from three broader categories in the World Economic Forum…

General Economics · Economics 2025-09-25 Ayusha Fayyaz , Zoltan Bartha

Income inequality and redistribution policies are modeled with a minimal, endogenous model of a simple foraging economy. Significant income inequalities emerge from the model for populations of equally capable individuals presented with…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-11-21 John C. Stevenson

By borrowing methods from complex system analysis, in this paper we analyze the features of the complex relationship that links the development and the industrialization of a country to economic inequality. In order to do this, we identify…

General Economics · Economics 2019-09-10 Angelica Sbardella , Emanuele Pugliese , Luciano Pietronero

In the so-called ``fair'' models of peer-to-peer wealth exchanges, economic inequality tends to reach its maximum value asymptotically. This global trend is evident as the richest continuously accumulate a larger share of wealth at the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-08-22 Thiago Dias , Sebastián Gonçalves

In the recent times of global Covid pandemic, the Federal Reserve has raised the concerns of upsurges in prices. Given the complexity of interaction between inflation and inequality, we examine whether the impact of inflation on inequality…

General Economics · Economics 2022-02-14 Edmond Berisha , Ram Sewak Dubey , Orkideh Gharehgozli

To simultaneously overcome the limitation of the Gini index in that it is less sensitive to inequality at the tails of income distribution and the limitation of the inter-decile ratios that ignore inequality in the middle of income…

General Economics · Economics 2022-01-03 Thitithep Sitthiyot , Kanyarat Holasut

It was not until the beginning of the 1990s that the effects of information and communication technology on economic growth as well as on the profitability of enterprises raised the interest of researchers. After giving a general…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2012-04-10 Peter Sasvari