Related papers: Unitization of a lattice ordered ring with a trunc…
A lattice-ordered group (an $\ell$-group) $G(\oplus, \vee, \wedge)$ can be naturally viewed as a semiring $G(\vee,\oplus)$. We give a full classification of (abelian) $\ell$-groups which are finitely generated as semirings, by first showing…
A new class of rings, the class of left localizable rings, is introduced. A ring $R$ is left localizable if each nonzero element of $R$ is invertible in some left localization $S^{-1}R$ of the ring $R$. Explicit criteria are given for a…
Let $R$ be an associative ring with identity and let $N$ be a nil ideal of $R$. It is shown that units of $R/N$ can be lifted to units in $R$. Under some mild conditions on the ring, a procedure is given to determine those lifted units in a…
Let $R$ be a not necessarily commutative ring with $1.$ In the present paper we first introduce a notion of quasi-orderings, which axiomatically subsumes all the orderings and valuations on $R$. We proceed by uniformly defining a coarsening…
In this paper, the ordered set of rough sets determined by a quasiorder relation $R$ is investigated. We prove that this ordered set is a complete, completely distributive lattice. We show that on this lattice can be defined three different…
In algebraic number theory, the finiteness of the Picard group of an order in a number field is generally proved via a lattice argument: the order forms a lattice and every ideal class contains an integral ideal with a small enough non-zero…
Let R be a unitary ring of finite cardinality P^k, where p is a prime number and $p\nmid k$. We show that if the group of units of $R$ has at most one subgroup of order $p$, then $R\cong A\bigoplus B,$ where $B$ is a finite ring of order…
A mixed lattice is a partially ordered set with two mixed partial orderings that are linked by asymmetric upper and lower envelopes. These notions generalize the join and meet operations of a lattice. In the present paper, we study…
Two observations in support of the thesis that trusses are inherent in ring theory are made. First, it is shown that every equivalence class of a congruence relation on a ring or, equivalently, any element of the quotient of a ring $R$ by…
It is shown that for any torsion unit of augmentation one in the integral group ring $\mathbb{Z} G$ of a finite solvable group $G$, there is an element of $G$ of the same order.
For rings R with identity, we define a class of nonlinear higher order recurrences on unitary left R-modules that include linear recurrences as special cases. We obtain conditions under which a recurrence of order k+1 in this class is…
We characterize the order of principal congruences of a bounded lattice (also of a complete lattice and of a lattice of length 5) as a bounded ordered set. We also state a number of open problems in this new field.
Given a ring $R$, we study the bimodules $M$ for which the trivial extension $R\propto M$ is morphic. We obtain a complete characterization in the case where $R$ is left perfect, and we prove that $R\propto Q/R$ is morphic when $R$ is a…
This is the second of three articles on the topic of truncation as an operation on divisible abelian lattice-ordered groups, or simply $\ell$-groups. This article uses the notation and terminology of the first article and assumes its…
The set of idempotents of a regular semigroup is given an abstract characterization as a regular biordered set in [2], and in [4] it is shown how a biordered set can be associated with a complemented modular lattice. Von Neumann has shown…
Every reduced ring $R$ has a natural partial order defined by $a\le b$ if $a^2=ab$; it generalizes the natural order on a boolean ring. The article examines when $R$ is a lower semi-lattice in this order with examples drawn from weakly Baer…
An order is a commutative ring that as an abelian group is finitely generated and free. A commutative ring is reduced if it has no non-zero nilpotent elements. In this paper we use a new tool, namely, the fact that every reduced order has a…
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity. A unit $u$ of $R$ is called exceptional if $1-u$ is also a unit. When $R$ is a finite commutative ring, we determine the additive and multiplicative structures of its exceptional units; and then…
In the present paper we introduce and study a canonical ${\cal E}$-lattice structure on the set of element orders of some finite groups. We show that a finite abelian group is uniquely determined by this canonical ${\cal E}$-lattice.
We characterize the order of principal congruences of a bounded lattice as a bounded ordered set. We also state a number of open problems in this new field.