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We present modeling strategies that describe the motion and interaction of groups of pedestrians in obscured spaces. We start off with an approach based on balance equations in terms of measures and then we exploit the descriptive power of…
This research explores the dynamics of emergency evacuations in the presence of social groups. The investigation was carried out in the context of the basic Social Force Model (SFM). We included attractive feelings between people belonging…
Cell-based crowd evacuation systems provide adaptive or static exit-choice indications that favor a coordinated group dynamic, improving evacuation time and safety. While a great effort has been made to modeling its control logic by…
We propose and analyze extended floor field cellular automaton models for evacuation dynamics of inhomogeneous pedestrian pairs which are coupled by asymmetric group interactions. Such pairs consist of a leader, who mainly determines the…
The evacuation of football stadium scenarios are discussed as model realizing ordered states, described as movements of individuals according to fields of displacements, calculated correspondingly to given scenario. The symmetry of the…
In an emergency situation, the evacuation of a large crowd from a complex building can become slow or even dangerous without a working evacuation plan. The use of rescue guides that lead the crowd out of the building can improve the…
In this survey we consider mathematical models and methods recently developed to control crowd dynamics, with particular emphasis on egressing pedestrians. We focus on two control strategies: The first one consists in using special agents,…
Simulation models of pedestrian dynamics have become an invaluable tool for evacuation planning. Typically crowds are assumed to stream unidirectionally towards a safe area. Simulated agents avoid collisions through mechanisms that belong…
We study the evacuation dynamics of a crowd evacuating from a complex geometry in the presence of a fire as well as of a slowly spreading smoke curtain. The crowd is composed of two kinds of individuals: those who know the layout of the…
The simulation of pedestrian crowd that reflects reality is a major challenge for researches. Several crowd simulation models have been proposed such as cellular automata model, agent-based model, fluid dynamic model, etc. It is important…
This paper initiates the analysis of the relation between evacuation time and group size by applying an extended floor field cellular automaton model. Agents with various speeds, a group structure containing leaders and followers, and a…
Emergency evacuation of patients from a hospital can be challenging in the event of a fire. Most emergency evacuation studies are based on the assumption that pedestrians are ambulant and can egress by themselves. However, this is often not…
The conjugated forces model (CFM) capable of reproducing bypassing behaviour is proposed and adopted to simulate pedestrian evacuation. Primarily, the concept of collision and evading and surpassing behaviour is particularly defined to…
Social scientists have criticised computer models of pedestrian streams for their treatment of psychological crowds as mere aggregations of individuals. Indeed most models for evacuation dynamics use analogies from physics where pedestrians…
A preliminary comparison of evacuation times of the Flying V and the Airbus A350-900 is presented in this study. A simple simulation tool based on the technique of cellular automata was created to model the evacuation process for different…
Metro systems are part of major transportation systems for big cities. Evacuation is a key challenge for metro systems in case of fire or terrorist attacks. In case of evacuation, wheelchair-assisted evacuees might take a longer time. In…
Crowd movement simulation is crucial for pedestrian safety management and facility design. Data-driven models offer the potential to improve realism and predictive accuracy, but most are developed for a single scenario, limiting their…
This contribution describes efforts to model the behavior of individual pedestrians and their interactions in crowds, which generate certain kinds of self-organized patterns of motion. Moreover, this article focusses on the dynamics of…
The floor field model, which is a cellular automaton model for studying evacuation dynamics, is investigated and extended. A method for calculating the static floor field, which describes the shortest distance to an exit door, in an…
The last few decades, crowd simulation for crisis management is highlighted as an important topic of interest for many scientific fields. As the continues evolution of computational resources increases, along with the capabilities of…